Rasmussen MCB2289 Full Course Latest 2019 January Question # 00599584 Subject: Education Due on: 03/18/2019 Posted On: 03/18/2019 01:12 PM Tutorials: 1 Rating: 4.8/5

MCB2289
Introduction to Microbiology

Module 01
Discussion

Plagues to Patients

Throughout history, humans have battled outbreaks of
disease; many lost their lives to diseases before treatments and cures were
discovered. Modern science and medicine have become efficient in developing
vaccines and medications to control and treat the outbreaks, but whether or not
the diseases will ever truly be eradicated is in question. Considering how many
of these infectious diseases exist and how easily they spread, it is important
to remember safety issues to reduce and prevent transmission.

For your initial post, research a specific infectious
outbreak in history and share your finding with your classmates. Be sure to
include the following information in your initial post (one paragraph):

Disease name

Infectious agent (is the disease bacterial, viral, fungal?)

Mode of transmission

Signs and symptoms of the disease

Treatment (or treatments) available

Try not to duplicate another classmate’s topic.

After considering all of your research, explain the impact
of infection rates in health care environments and who or what you think is the
culprit.

For your reply post, expand on your peer’s ideas by sharing
examples from your own experience or readings, suggesting outside resources to
support the topic, and/or asking questions to dig deeper into the topic.

MCB2289
Introduction to Microbiology

Module 02
Discussion

How Clean Is It?

Handwashing and use of antimicrobial chemicals (such as
alcohol based hand sanitizers) are effective ways to prevent the spread of
microorganisms, particularly in the health care setting.

For your initial post, imagine that you are infection
control nurse tasked with educating personnel on a large medical/surgical unit
that has recently seen an increase in hospital acquired infections (HAIs) in
their patients. Describe how you would educate personnel about the importance
of handwashing and increase handwashing compliance amongst the staff?

For your reply post, expand on your peer’s ideas by sharing
examples from your own experience or readings, suggesting outside resources to
support the topic, and/or asking questions to dig deeper into the topic.

MCB2289
Introduction to Microbiology

Module 03
Discussion

What Goes Around Comes Around

Have you heard of the so called “5-second rule”
for when food falls to the floor? (NOT true by the way) Have you seen the signs
in restrooms indicating that all employees must wash their hands before
returning to work? Bacteria are everywhere and the concept of cleanliness
should apply to anyone who comes in contact with foreign materials, fecal
matter or urine, or any potentially contaminated materials.

For your initial post, discuss which two rooms in your home
or work place that you believe are the most contaminated. Explain why you chose
these two rooms and list at least two bacteria that are the common types found
in those rooms.

For your reply post, respond to at least one of your peers
about different methods that can be used to decontaminate these rooms to reduce
or eliminate microorganisms.

MCB2289
Introduction to Microbiology

Module 04
Discussion

Viral Treatment Options

There are many opinions on the need and/or importance of
vaccines in preventing the spread of disease. Our children are required to get
vaccinations before entering school, and health care workers must have them
when working in environments where they can come into contact with bloodborne
pathogens. In health care facilities, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and
Hepatitis C (HCV) are the two more prominent infectious concerns for medical
staff.

For your initial post, research the two diseases HIV and
HCV. Based on your research, discuss whether you think that a vaccine will be
developed for either of these diseases within the next ten years. Why or why
not?

For your reply post, expand on your peer’s ideas by sharing
examples from your own experience or readings, suggesting outside resources to
support the topic, and/or asking furthering questions to dig deeper into the
topic.

MCB2289
Introduction to Microbiology

Module 05
Discussion

What’s Eating You?

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of
the more prevalent nosocomial infections in health care faculties today. Any
patient with a compromised immune system or open wound is susceptible to
contracting MRSA from medical staff or even family members. Although MRSA is
commonly connected to health care facilities, MRSA can be found anywhere.

For your initial post, discuss who you believe to be at the
highest risk for MRSA outside the health care environment? Explain. Discuss the
common fomites or transmission factors involved as well as the preventative
measures the public can do to reduce or prevent MRSA infections.

For your reply post, expand on your peer’s ideas by sharing
examples from your own experience or readings, suggesting outside resources to
support the topic, and/or asking furthering questions to dig deeper into the
topic.

MCB2289
Introduction to Microbiology

Module 06
Discussion

Microbial Transmission Routes in Hospitals

Hospitals and other health care settings will often
implement Transmission-Based Precautions to prevent or help reduce the spread
of infections to health care workers, as well other patients in their care.
These Transmission-Based Precautions are designed to supplement standard
precautions in patients/residents with documented or suspected
infection/colonization of highly transmissible or epidemiologically important
pathogens. The three categories of Transmission-Based Precautions include:

Contact Precautions

Droplet Precautions

Airborne Precautions

For your initial post, choose one of the Transmission based
Precautions listed above to research. Include what the definition of the
precaution is, when it would be implemented and what type of personal
protective equipment (PPE) a health care worker would be required to wear when
coming in contact with a patient under that particular precaution.

For your reply post, expand on your peer’s ideas by sharing
examples from your own experience or readings, suggesting outside resources to
support the topic, and/or asking furthering questions to dig deeper into the
topic.

MCB2289
Introduction to Microbiology

Module 07
Discussion

Microbial Transmission Routes of STIs and STDs

For your initial post, imagine that you are a school nurse
tasked with educating middle school/high school students about STIs and STDs.
Create a pamphlet or educational handout/flyer that can be provided to students
and/or parents educating them about an STI or STD, how the disease is
transmitted, how the disease is detected or tested for, signs and symptoms of
the disease, and finally, the treatment options available.

If available, include statistical information about
infection rates for this disease for your state.

For your reply post, provide feedback on the flyer/handout
created by at least one of your peers.

MCB2289
Introduction to Microbiology

Module 08
Discussion

Super Bugs

Many of us have been impacted by outbreaks of disease in our
lifetimes.

For your initial post, reflect back over the past decade and
recall a news-breaking infectious outbreak of a disease that made an impact on
you. Please include a link to a news article or video related to your outbreak
in your initial post. Explain how that story changed the way you interacted
with people, family, or friends.

For your reply post, expand on your peer’s ideas by sharing
stories from your own personal experience with the outbreak.

MCB2289
Introduction to Microbiology

Module 09
Discussion

Over Medicated and Overwhelmed

Antibiotics have saved millions of lives since they were
first observed by Pasteur and Koch and later named by Selman Waksman in 1942.
Unfortunately, antibiotic resistant microbial strains are becoming more
prevalent and therefore making once easily treated infections more difficult to
treat.

For your initial discussion post, share your thoughts on
three ways that society – not physicians or medical staff – can help to reduce
the development of drug resistant microbial strains.

For your reply post, expand on your peer’s ideas by sharing
examples from your own experience or readings, suggesting outside resources to
support the topic, and/or asking furthering questions to dig deeper into the
topic.

MCB2289
Introduction to Microbiology

Module 10
Discussion

Natural Disasters and the Spread of Disease

Every year, natural disasters impact families, communities,
nations, and cultures. Whether the natural disaster is a flood, hurricane,
tornado, fire or earthquake, it can alter the environment and cause potential
health hazards.

For this module’s initial discussion post, research a major
national or global disaster that occurred in the last decade. Provide a brief
summary of the disaster and explain the common public health risks that
occurred as well as potential long-term health risks the victims might be
facing. Do you think the type of natural disaster you studied has the highest
risk of spreading diseases, or another type of natural disaster? Explain.

For your reply post, expand on your peer’s ideas by sharing
examples from your own experience or readings, suggesting outside resources to
support the topic, and/or asking furthering questions to dig deeper into the
topic.

Due dates for your initial and response posts can be found
by checking the Course Syllabus and Course Calendar.

MCB2289
Introduction to Microbiology

Module 11
Discussion

Future of Medicine

Genetic engineering has become a part of our culture and it
is difficult to tell the difference between unmodified and genetically modified
food sources such as plants and animals. After reading this module’s material
regarding vectors in biotechnology, consider the potential for nanotechnology
and gene therapy.

For your initial discussion post, research nanotechnology
and its potential use in biotechnology. Explain the potential advantages and
disadvantages of nanotechnology in health care and discuss whether you would or
would not support further research.

For your reply post, expand on your peer’s ideas by sharing
examples from your own experience or readings, suggesting outside resources to
support the topic, and/or asking furthering questions to dig deeper into the
topic.

Due dates for your initial and response posts can be found
by checking the Course Syllabus and Course Calendar.

MCB2289
Introduction to Microbiology

Module 1
Homework Assignment

1.Define and briefly describe the different classes of
microorganisms(including the terms Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes):

1. Eukaryotes
–

a. Algae –

b. Fungi –

c. Protozoans
–

2. Prokaryotes
–

a. Bacteria
–

b. Archae –

3. Viruses –

4. Prions –

2. Define
the four main types of organic molecules. Be sure to describe their function
and give examples of each

a. Carbohydrates
–

b. Proteins
–

c. Lipids –

d. Nucleic
acids –

3. What does
the term PPE stand for? What are common
types of PPE that are worn in the lab or hospital setting?

4. Describe
two ways in which microorganisms are used in our everyday lives:

5. Identify
two different types of staining techniques used with light microscopy. Describe the dyes used in these techniques
and why they are used.

MCB2289
Introduction to Microbiology

Module 2
Homework Assignment

•Use the information presented in the module folder along
with your readings from the textbook to answer the following questions.

1.Describe four (4) important differences between
prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms:

2.Briefly describe the function of the following organelles:

a) Plasma
membrane –

b) Glycocalyx
–

c) Cell wall
–

d) Nucleus –

e) Endoplasmic
reticulum –

f) Golgi
apparatus –

g) Lysosomes
–

h) Ribosomes
–

i) Peroxisomes
–

j) Mitochondria
–

k) Chloroplasts
–

3.What is a biofilm? Discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of biofilms:

4.Briefly describe the process of aerobic cellular
respiration. How does this process
differ from anaerobic cellular respiration? How are these processes similar?

5.Briefly describe the difference between eukaryotic cell
division and prokaryotic cell division. Be sure to include the name of the
processes that each uses to replicate:

MCB2289
Introduction to Microbiology

Module 3
Homework Assignment

•Use the information presented in the module folder along
with your readings from the textbook to answer the following questions.

1.Define the following terms: sterilization, disinfection,
and sanitization. How are each of these
terms different from one another?

2.Compare and contrast selective media and differential
media. Give examples of each type of
media:

3.Define the following terms used to describe bacterial
morphology or bacterial arrangements andgive examples of SPECIFIC organisms
that are representatives of each category of MorphologyANDArrangements. For
example: an example of a cocci organism is Staphylococcus aureus

a) Morphology:

1. Cocci –

2. Bacilli –

3. Vibrios

4. Spirilla

5. Spirochete–

b) Arrangements:

1. Diplo –

2. Strepto-

3. Staphlo-

4.Describe the four (4) different stages of the bacterial
population growth curve:

5. Describe
briefly how the following factors influence microbial growth:

a) Temperature

b) pH

c) Osmotic
Pressure

d) Atmospheric
conditions (presence or absence of oxygen)

MCB2289
Introduction to Microbiology

Module 4
Homework Assignment

•Use the information presented in the module folder along
with your readings from the textbook to answer the following questions.

1.Describe the different morphological types of viruses and
give examples of each type:

a. Helical

b. Icosahedral

c. Complex

2.Compare and contrast the multiplication of bacteriophages
versus the multiplication of animal viruses:

3.Describe how viruses can act as mechanical vectors and
biological vectors:

4.Describe five (5) characteristics of fungi and how they
differ from other microorganisms:

5.Describe common characteristic of protozoans (protists).
Name three (3) protozoans that are human parasites:

6.What are helminths?
Name and describe three (3) that can cause problems in humans:

MCB2289
Introduction to Microbiology

Module 5
Homework Assignment

• Use the
information presented in the module folder along with your readings from the
textbook to answer the following questions.

1.Describe how microbes of the normal flora in the human body
can become opportunistic pathogens. Give one (1) example of a normal flora that
can become opportunistic in the body:

2.Describe three (3) common bacterial skin infections. Be
sure to give the name of the specific organism that causes each and describe
some common signs and symptoms of each:

3.Describe three (3) common fungal infections (mycoses) of
the skin. Be sure to give the name of the specific organism that causes each
and describe some common signs and symptoms of each:

4.Describe three (3) different types of respiratory
infections caused by bacteria. Be sure to give the name of the specific
organism that causes each and describe some common signs and symptoms of each:

5.Discuss the difference between emerging infectious
diseases and reemerging infectious diseases. Give examples of each.

6.Briefly discuss and describe three (3) common viral
respiratory infections. Be sure to give the name of the specific virus that
causes each as well as some signs and symptoms for each:

7.Describe three (3) common fungal respiratory infectionsand
the name of the specific organism that causes them as well as some signs and
symptoms for each:

MCB2289
Introduction to Microbiology

Module 6
Homework Assignment

• Use the
information presented in the module folder along with your readings from the
textbook to answer the following questions.

1.Differentiate between bacterial infection and bacterial
intoxication.

2.Discuss the importance of E. coli as part of our
intestinal flora.

3. Describe
three (3) different types of gastrointestinal diseases caused by bacteria. Be
sure to give the name of the specific organism that causes each, describe some
common signs and symptoms and discuss treatment for each disease:

4. Define
meningitis.Compare and contrastbetween bacterial and viral meningitis including
treatment for each.

5. What is a
prion? Describe the impact prions have on the human brain and discuss two
prion-associated diseases in humans:

6.What is a vector-borne (vector transmitted) disease? Give an example of a vector borne disease and
the vector responsible for causing it:

MCB2289
Introduction to Microbiology

Module 7
Homework Assignment

• Use the
information presented in the module folder along with your readings from the
textbook to answer the following questions.

1.Describe three (3) functions of a normal healthy body that
help prevent the occurrence of UTIs:

2.List two reasons why women are at higher risks for
developing UTIs

3.Briefly describe the two-step process used to diagnose
UTIs.Which organism is most often responsible for causing UTIs?

4.What is Vaginosis? List some of the members of the normal
microflora of the female reproductive organs and discuss factors that may
contribute to an abnormal increase in these organisms.

5.Describe and explain the primary, secondary, latent, and
tertiary stages of syphilis:

6.Explain why a person with AIDS is more susceptible to
opportunistic infections. What diseases or conditions might a person with HIV
or AIDS be more susceptible to?

MCB2289 Introduction
to Microbiology

Module 8
Homework Assignment

• Use the
information presented in the module folder along with your readings from the
textbook to answer the following questions.

1.What are the different portals of entry for a pathogen to
enter the body?

2.Define the following disease categories:

1. Endemic –

2. Sporadic
–

3. Epidemic
–

4. Pandemic
–

3.Describe thedifference between innate immunity and
adaptive immunity. Which type of
immunity is specific and typically longer lasting?

4.Differentiate between active and passive types of
immunity. Which type of immunity is long lasting and which is short lasting?

5.Discuss the five (5)different classes of vaccines used in
active immunity.

6.Define and differentiate between hypersensitivity reactions
and autoimmune disease.Gives an example of hypersensitivity reaction and an
example of an autoimmune disease:

MCB2289
Introduction to Microbiology

Module 9
Homework Assignment

•Use the information presented in the module folder along
with your readings from the textbook to answer the following questions.

1.Explain and differentiate between sterilization and
commercial sterilization. What organism
does commercial sterilization aim to destroy?

2.Describe three (3) differentphysical methods of controlling
microbial growth:

3.Describe three (3) different chemical methods of
controlling microbial growth:

4.Briefly summarize the 4 (four) different Biosafety levels.
Give examples of microorganisms studied in each level:

5.What is the Kirby Bauer Disc diffusion method? How it is used to determine antibiotic
efficacy?

MCB2289
Introduction to Microbiology

Module 10
Homework Assignment

•Use the information presented in the module folder along
with your readings from the textbook to answer the following questions.

1.Compare the difference between a point mutation and a
frameshift mutation:

2.Describe the different between vertical gene transfer and
horizontal gene transfer:

3.What is conjugation?
How can it contribute to antibiotic resistance in microorganisms?

4.What is a Healthcare-associated infection (HAI) or
nosocomial infection? How is this
different from an iatrogenic disease?
How are these diseases contracted? Give examples of each type:

MCB2289
Introduction to Microbiology

Module 05
Quiz

Question 1 Transmissible
spongiform encephalopathies are caused by

Answers:

Flavoviruses

Virusoids

Prions

Orthomyxoviruses

Question 2 All
of the following viruses can cause the common cold except

Answers:

Coronaviruses

Adenovirus

Herpesviruses

Rhinoviruses

Question 3 Viruses
that infect bacteria are called _______.

Answers:

E. coli

lytic viruses

naked viruses

Bacteriophages

Question 4 Rod-shaped
bacteria, some of which are endospore forming, are referred to as

Answers:

Cocci

Bacilli

Spirals

Vibrios

Question 5 Beadlike
chains of cocci formed after cell division along a single axis are called

Answers:

Diplococci

Streptococci

Tetrads

staphlococci

Question 6 Microorganisms
that show optimal growth in moderate temperatures (between 20° C and 45° C) are
called

Answers:

Thermophiles

Psychrophiles

Mesophiles

Psychrotrophs

Question 7 Toxoplasma
gondii belongs to which group of eukaryotic organisms?

Answers:

Algae

Fungi

Protozoans

Helminths

Question 8 Legionella,
Thiobacillus and Burkholderia are examples of

Answers:

Facultative anaerobic gram-negative rods

Gram-negative aerobic
rods

Spirochetes

Anaerobic gram-negative cocci

Question 9 Organisms
that require or are tolerant of salt concentrations in their environment are
called:

Answers:

psychrophiles

aerobes

halophiles

heterotrophs

Question 10 Damage
that can occur to the host cell as a result of viral infection include:

Answers:

lysis

altered cell shape

detachment from tissue surface

all answers are

Question 11 The
so-called “red tide” is generally caused by which of the following
organisms?

Answers:

Lichens

Bacteria

Diatoms

Algae

Question 12 Staphylococci
and streptococci are best classified in the group of

Answers:

Gram-positive cocci

Gram-negative cocci

Gram-negative aerobic rods and cocci

Anaerobic gram-negative cocci

Question 13 Fungi
and some protozoa produce a compound called _____ which strengthens the cell
membranes

Answers:

cholesterol

ergosterol

hopanoids

estrogen

Question 14 The
subgroup of fungi that are used as food(edible mushrooms, morels, and truffles)
are called

Answers:

Basidiomycota

Ascomycota

Lichens

Zygomycota

Question 15 The sequence of stages in the multiplication of
animal viruses is

Answers:

attachment,
penetration, uncoating, biosynthesis, assembly, release

penetration, attachment, assembly, uncoating, biosynthesis,
release

attachment, uncoating, penetration, biosynthesis, assembly,
release

penetration, uncoating, adsorption, biosynthesis, assembly,
release

Question 16 The
causative agent for Lyme disease is a

Answers:

Spirillium

Spirochete

Vibrio

Diplococcus

Question 17 The
viruses that cause chickenpox, shingles, and mononucleosis belong to which
family of DNA viruses?

Answers:

Herpesviridae

Papovaviridae

Adenoviridae

Poxviridae

Question 18 Fungi
are free-living _________ organisms.

Answers:

Autotrophic

Chemotrophic

Heterotrophic

Phototrophic

Question 19 The
stage of the growth curve where the bacteria are producing molecules necessary
for cell division, but not undergoing cell division is called the ___________

Answers:

death phase

logarithmic phase

stationary phase

lag phase

Question 20 Viruses
can infect

Answers:

Plants

Bacteria

Animals

All organisms

Question 21 Bacteria
that use organic compounds as the source of both carbon and energy are referred
to as

Answers:

Photoautotrophs

Chemoautotrophs

Photoheterotrophs

Chemoheterotrophs

Question 22 Parasitic
organisms that spend most of their time in a mammalian host are called ________

Answers:

protozoans

fungi

helminths

algae

Question 23 Bacteria that use oxygen, but only at a low
concentration, are classified as

Answers:

Obligate aerobes

Microaerophiles

Obligate anaerobes

Aerotolerant anaerobes

Question 24Bacterial replication is accomplished primarily
by

Answers:

Mitosis

Meiosis

Cytokinesis

Binary fission

Question 25 The antibiotics penicillin and cephalosporin are
produced by

Answers:

Algae

Slime molds

Fungi

Protozoans

MCB2289
Introduction to Microbiology

Final Exam

Question 1

Which
of the following cannot be and should not be treated with antibiotics?

Answers:

Strep throat

Tuberculosis

Common cold

Diphtheria

Question 2

Complex
communities of microorganisms on surfaces are called

Answers:

Colonies

Biofilms

Biospheres

Flora

Question 3

All of
the following are nitrogen-fixing bacteria except

Answers:

Cyanobacteria

Staphylococcus

Rhizobium

Azotobacter

Question 4

Legionella,
Thiobacillus and Burkholderia are examples of

Answers:

Facultative anaerobic gram-negative rods

Gram-negative aerobic
rods

Spirochetes

Anaerobic gram-negative cocci

Question 5

A
complication of influenza that can occur in children and adolescents is a
condition known as

Answers:

Reye Syndrome

Rheumatic fever

Mononucleosis

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

Question 6

Toxoplasmosis
is caused by the organism Toxoplasma gondii, which is a

Answers:

Bacterium

Protozoan

Virus

Fungus

Question 7

The
only currently known STI that is transmitted by a protozoan is

Answers:

Giardiasis

Malaria

Trichomoniasis

Syphilis

Question 8

Which
of the following is the causative agent for fungal meningitis, mostly in
immunocompromised patients?

Answers:

Trypanosoma brucei

Listeria meningitis

Cryptococcus
neoformans

Trypanosoma cruzi

Question 9

Tuberculosis
is caused by an organism of the genus

Answers:

Klebsiella

Bordetella

Chlamydia

Mycobacterium

Question 10

Infections
that may result from the use of catheters are classified as

Answers:

Iatrogenic infections

Local infections

Exogenous infections

Endogenous infections

Question 11

Vaginal
infections that are resulting from an overgrowth of normal flora are called

Answers:

Endogenous infections

Chronic infections

Iatrogenic infections

Fatal infections

Question 12

The
destruction of all microorganisms and their endospores is referred to as

Answers:

Disinfection

Degermation

Sanitization

Sterilization

Question 13

The
degree or extent of disease-evoking power that a microorganism has is referred
to as

Answers:

Virulence

Strength

Resistance

Competence

Question 14

Diagnosis
of a UTI is a two-stage process that involves:

Answers:

collecting a urine
sample and testing for antibiotic susceptibility of the organism

exploratory surgery and radiation therapy

collecting a blood sample and conducting a physical
examination of the bladder

modifying the diet of the patient and conducting a physical
examination of the urethra

Question 15

The
toxic condition caused by the multiplication of bacteria in the blood is
referred to as

Answers:

Bacteremia

Septicemia

Shock

Bloodborne infection

Question 16

The
term bacteriostatic means that bacteria

Answers:

Are killed by the antimicrobial drug

Show continuous growth

No longer can
multiply

No longer cause disease

Question 17

Rod-shaped
bacteria, some of which are endospore forming, are referred to as

Answers:

Cocci

Bacilli

Spirals

Vibrios

Question 18

Which
of the following organelles contain oxidative enzymes capable of oxidizing
toxic substances?

Answers:

Mitochondria

Chloroplasts

Lysosomes

Peroxisomes

Question 19

Which of
the following sites of the human body does not have a normal flora?

Answers:

Intestine

Skin

Vagina

Blood

Question 20

Which
of the following is NOT a common characteristic used in the selection of an
antimicrobial drug?

Answers:

Selective toxicity

Ease of delivery to the site of infection

Ability to administer
intravenously

Potential for allergic reaction

Question 21

A
relationship between organisms in which the waste product of one provides
nutrients for another is called

Answers:

Mutualism

Competition

Synergism

Commensalism

Questi