NR503 Epidemiology midterm 2019 Question # 00597544 Course Code : NR503 Subject: Health Care Due on: 06/30/2018 Posted On: 01/31/2019 09:39 PM Tutorials: 1 Rating: 5.0/5

NR 503
Epidemiology midterm questions & answers:

1.
The population of a city on
February 15, 2005, was 36,600. The city has a passive surveillance system that
collects hospital and private physician reports of influenza cases every month.
During the period between January 1 and April 1, 2005, 2,200 new cases of
influenza occurred in the city. Of these cases, 775 persons were ill with
influenza according to surveillance reports on April 1, 2005. The prevalence
rate of active influenza as of April 1, 2005, was:

2.
The population of a city on
February 15, 2005, was 36,600. The city has a passive surveillance system that
collects hospital and private physician reports of influenza cases every month.
During the period between January 1 and April 1, 2005, 2,200 new cases of
influenza occurred in the city. Of these cases, 775 persons were ill with
influenza according to surveillance reports on April 1, 2005. The monthly
incidence rate of active cases of influenza for the 3-month period was:

3.
What would be the effect on
age-specific incidence rates of uterine cancer if women with hysterectomies
were excluded from the denominator of incidence calculations assuming that most
women who have had hysterectomies are older than 50 years of age?

4.
The ability of a single person
to remain free of clinical illness following exposure to an infectious agent is
known as:

5.
Which of the following reasons
can explain why a person who did not consume the infective food item got sick?

6.
Which of the food items (or
combination of items) is most likely to be the infective item(s)?

7.
The case-fatality rate
associated with plague is lowest in which community?

8.
The incidence and prevalence
rates of a chronic childhood illness for a specific community are given below.

9.
The following table gives the
mean annual age-specific mortality rates from measles during the first 25 years
of life in successive 5-year periods. You may assume that the population is in
a steady state (i.e., migrations out are equal to migrations in).

Based on the information
above, one may conclude:

10.
In a country with a population
of 16 million people, 175,000 deaths occurred during the year ending December
31, 2005. These included 45,000 deaths from tuberculosis (TB) in 135,000
persons who were sick with TB. Assume that the population remained constant
throughout the year. Not all 135,000 cases of TB were contracted during 2005.
Which of the following statements is true?

11.
In 2001, a state enacted a law
that required the use of safety seats for all children under 7 years of age and
mandatory seatbelt use for all persons. The table above lists the number of
deaths due to motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) and the total population by age in
2000 (before the law) and in 2005 (4 years after the law was enacted).

12.
Which of the following is an
advantage of active surveillance?

13.
A disease has an incidence of
10 per 1,000 persons per year, and 80% of those affected will die within 1
year. Prior to the year 2000, only 50% of cases of the disease were detected by
physician diagnosis prior to death. In the year 2000, a lab test was developed
that identified 90% of cases an average of 6 months prior to symptom onset;
however, the prognosis did not improve after diagnosis. Which statement is true
concerning the duration of the disease after the development of the lab test?

14.
What is the overall attack rate
in persons who did not eat ice cream?

15.
The table above describes the
number of illnesses and deaths caused by plague in four communities. The
proportionate mortality ratio associated with plague is lowest in which community?

16.
Which of the following is
characteristic of a single-exposure, common-vehicle outbreak?

17.
The following table gives the mean annual
age-specific mortality rates from measles during the first 25 years of life in
successive 5-year periods. You may assume that the population is in a steady
state (i.e., migrations out are equal to migrations in).

18.
A disease has an incidence of
10 per 1,000 persons per year, and 80% of those affected will die within 1
year. Prior to the year 2000, only 50% of cases of the disease were detected by
physician diagnosis prior to death. In the year 2000, a lab test was developed
that identified 90% of cases an average of 6 months prior to symptom onset;
however, the prognosis did not improve after diagnosis. Comparing the
epidemiology of the disease prior to 2000 with the epidemiology of the disease
after the development of the lab test, which statement is true concerning the
disease in 2000?

19.
A survey was conducted among
1,000 randomly sampled adult males in the United States in 2005. The results
from this survey are shown below.

The researchers stated
that there was a doubling of risk of hypertension in each age group younger
than 60 years of age. You conclude that the researchers’ interpretation:

20.
Which of the following is a
condition which may occur during the incubation period?

21.
The incidence and prevalence
rates of a chronic childhood illness for a specific community are given below.

Based on the data, which
of the following interpretations best describes disease X?

22.
A disease has an incidence of
10 per 1,000 persons per year, and 80% of those affected will die within 1
year. Prior to the year 2000, only 50% of cases of the disease were detected by
physician diagnosis prior to death. In the year 2000, a lab test was developed
that identified 90% of cases an average of 6 months prior to symptom onset;
however, the prognosis did not improve after diagnosis. Which statement is true
concerning the disease-specific mortality rate after the development of the lab
test?

23.
Among those who are 25 years of
age, those who have been driving less than 5 years had 13,700 motor vehicle
accidents in 1 year, while those who had been driving for more than 5 years had
21,680 motor vehicle accidents during the same time period. It was concluded
from these data that 25-year-olds with more driving experience have increased
accidents compared to those who started driving later. This conclusion is:

24.
In a country with a population
of 16 million people, 175,000 deaths occurred during the year ending December
31, 2005. These included 45,000 deaths from tuberculosis (TB) in 135,000
persons who were sick with TB. Assume that the population remained constant
throughout the year. Not all 135,000 cases of TB were contracted during 2005.
Which of the following statements is true?

25.
Which of the following is a
condition which may occur during the incubation period?

26.
Test A has a sensitivity of 95%
and a specificity of 90%. Test B has a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of
98%. In a community of 10,000 people with 5% prevalence of the disease, Test A
has always been given before Test B. What is the best reason for changing the
order of the tests?

27.
In 2001, a state enacted a law
that required the use of safety seats for all children under 7 years of age and
mandatory seatbelt use for all persons. The table above lists the number of
deaths due to motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) and the total population by age in
2000 (before the law) and in 2005 (4 years after the law was enacted).

Based on the information
in the table, it was reported that there was an increased risk of death due to
MVAs in the state after the law was passed. These conclusions are:

28.
Which of the food items (or
combination of items) is most likely to be the infective item(s)?

29.
Which of the following reasons
can explain why a person who did not consume the infective food item got sick?

30.
Which of the following are
examples of a population prevalence rate?

31.
The table above describes the
number of illnesses and deaths caused by plague in four communities. The case-fatality
rate associated with plague is lowest in which community?

32.
What would be the effect on
age-specific incidence rates of uterine cancer if women with hysterectomies
were excluded from the denominator of incidence calculations assuming that most
women who have had hysterectomies are older than 50 years of age?

33.
A disease has an incidence of
10 per 1,000 persons per year, and 80% of those affected will die within 1
year. Prior to the year 2000, only 50% of cases of the disease were detected by
physician diagnosis prior to death. In the year 2000, a lab test was developed
that identified 90% of cases an average of 6 months prior to symptom onset;
however, the prognosis did not improve after diagnosis. Which statement is true
concerning the duration of the disease after the development of the lab test?

34.
For colorectal cancer diagnosed
at an early stage, the disease can have 5-year survival rates of greater than
80%. Which answer best describes early stage colorectal cancer?

35.
A study found that adults older
than age 50 had a higher prevalence of pneumonia than those who were younger
than age 50. Which of the following is consistent with this finding?

36.
What is the overall attack rate
in persons who did not eat ice cream?

37.
Chicken pox is a highly
communicable disease. It may be transmitted by direct contact with a person
infected with the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The typical incubation time is
between 10 to 20 days. A boy started school 2 weeks after showing symptoms of
chicken pox including mild fever, skin rash, and fluid-filled blisters. One
month after the boy returned to school, none of his classmates had been
infected by VZV. The main reason was:

38.
Which of the following is an
advantage of active surveillance?