NKU DNP816 Quiz 4

Question 1When
the results of an experiment can
confidently be attributed to the effect of the independent variable, the
experiment is said to have

Construct
validity

Statistical
conclusion validity

External
validity

Internal
validity

Question 2What
type of statistics are used to infer that the results from a sample are
reflective of the true population scores?

Descriptive

Correlated
statistics

Regression

Inferential

Question 3In
nursing research, it is most important that the researcher can do which of the
following in relation to statistical analysis of data? The researcher should:

Know all
the statistical formulas needed to analyze his/her data

Understand
the meaning underlying the choice and interpretation of statistics.

Not include
a statistician until after the data are colleted.

Be able to
perform the statistical analyses without assistance from a statistician

Question 4To
which of the examples below could you apply the use of a t-test analysis?

You are
looking to see if reaction time is significantly correlated with alcohol
consumption

You are
testing the prevalence of foot and ankle musculoskeletal disorders experienced
by nurses working in an acute care hospital

You are
testing whether there is a significant difference in intelligence between rugby
players and footballers.

You are looking to see if depression and
social support are related

Question 5Of
the examples below, which one is describing a
within group design?

The
researcher conducts a study to examine the difference in coping style between
engineering students and biology students.

A group of
participants are tested on their recall of a list of words. They are tested
immediately, 10 minutes later, 2 hours later and 24 hours later to determine
how their scores differ between the three tests

A study is
conducted to examine the difference in reading ability in 6 year old children
compared with children who are 8 years old.

A study is
conducted to see if there is a statistically significant difference in anger
expression between cat owners and dog owners.

Question 6A
researcher tests the hypothesis that the mean body temperature of residents in
a nursing home is 98.6 degrees. Which statistical test could the researcher
use?

One sample
t test

Chi-squared test

Independent
group t test

Mann-Whitney
U test

Question 7Which
statistical test would you choose for the following hypothesis? “There will be a strong relationship
between the number of car accidents an individual has been involved in and
their score on a measure of anxiety”.

Dependent
t- test

Independent
t-test

Pearson
product moment correlation

Linear regression

Question 8Many
decisions need to be made in selecting the appropriate statistical procedure
for a study. Which of the following is the first step in identifying the
statistic that will be used?

Specifying
the purpose of the study and identifying the hypotheses or research questions

Most statistical analyses can be used in all
studies

Decision
trees can be used to identify the correct statistical test.

Having a
statistician make all the decisions about what analysis is appropriate

Question 9A
95% confidence interval is associated with how many standard deviation (SD)
units?

1.96

2.58

1.0

Depends on
the test statistic

Question 10A
researcher tested the hypothesis that a person’s perceived risk for colorectal
cancer was related to his or her cancer screening behavior. With alpha = .05, the hypothesis was not
supported. What might be a cause of this
result?

The test
was underpowered

The alpha level was too conservative

A
nonparametric test was inappropriately used

Too many
degrees of freedom

Question 11Consider the following hypothesis:
The amount of daylight is unrelated to levels of depression in older
adults. What type of hypothesis is this?

Null

Alternative
hypothesis

Research
hypothesis

Nonsignificant
hypothesis

Question 12You
want to compare the average heart rate of infants, children, teens and
adults. You will need to do multiple two
sample t tests for this research. Why is
the use of t tests inappropriate in this situation?

When there
are multiple tests with multiple dependent variables, the Type I error
increases

T tests
should be used in this situation, knowing that the result may have false
positives

Correlation
is a more appropriate statistic in this situation

Regression
is the appropriate statistic as it enables prediction

Question 13If you decided to make the critical
p-value or alpha for significance as 0.001 as opposed to the conventional 0.05,
what would the consequences be?

You would
be less likely to make a Type I error

There would
be fewer instances when the null hypothesis would be rejected

All of the
answers

You would
be more likely to make a Type II error

Question 14A
researcher wants to compare the entrance test scores on XYZ admission test by
nursing students at his/her program to national data available on this same
admission test. What is the best statistical test to find out whether the
program mean admission test score differs significantly from the average
national admission test score?

ANCOVA

One sample
t test

Chi square
test

ANOVA

Question 15
Which of the following is the correct way to report the results of a dependent
sample t test?

The t test
was significantly different between group one and group two

t = 9.42, p
= .001

The high
school GPA statistically predicted college mathematics performance, R squared =
.12, F (1,148) = 20.18, p < .001

On average,
the sample glucose level after the new diet (M=132.7, SE = 0.43) was
significantly lower than that before the new diet (M= 155.7, SE = 0.46), t (35)
= 8.38, p = .001.