is defined as a statistical estimate of the proportion of the total variance Question # 00603253 Subject: General Questions Due on: 03/30/2019 Posted On: 07/19/2019 08:41 AM Tutorials: 1 Rating: 4.7/5

1. One
way scientists can search for genes that are associated with rare disorders is
by carrying out ________, in which they first find genetic markers, then look
for inheritance patterns in large families where a particular condition is
common.

a.
experimental studies

b.
psychometric studies

c.
linkage studies

d. noncoding
studies

2. Which
school of thought in psychology evolved into an elaborate theory of personality
that emphasized unconscious motives and conflicts?

a.
phrenology

b.
structuralism

c.
functionalism

d. psychoanalysis

3. When
a neurotransmitter binds to a receptor site and decreases the negative charge,
it causes ________.

a.
severe nerve pain

b.
an excitatory effect

c.
an inhibitory effect

d. either
an excitatory effect or an inhibitory effect

4. The
research method used by Wilhelm Wundt in which volunteers were taught to
carefully observe, analyze, and describe their own sensations, mental images,
and emotional reactions is called _______________.

a.
critical thinking

b.
trained introspection

c.
experimentation

d.
conceptual proliferation

5. Which
of the following is the correct definition of the term “genome”?

a. The
chromosomal molecule that transfers genetic characteristics by way of coded
instructions for the structure of proteins.

b. A
segment of DNA that varies among individuals, has a known location on a
chromosome, and can function as a genetic landmark for a gene involved in a
physical or mental condition.

c. The
full set of genes in each cell of an organism (with the exception of sperm and
egg cells),

together with noncoding DNA
located outside the genes.

d. A
change in gene frequencies within a population over many generations; a
mechanism by which genetically influenced characteristics of a population may
change.

6. The
subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that connects to sensory receptors
and to skeletal muscles is called the ________.

a.
sympathetic nervous system

b.
parasympathetic nervous system

c.
somatic nervous system

d. central
nervous system

7. Researchers
use descriptive statistics when they want to ________.

a.
draw inferences about how statistically
meaningful a study’s results are

b.
organize and summarize research data

c.
combine and analyze data from many studies

d. assess
how likely it is that a study’s results occurred merely by chance

8. ___________
are DNA segments that vary considerably among individuals and whose locations
on the chromosome are already known.

a. Bases

b.
RNA

c.
Genomes

d. Genetic
markers

9. The
central nervous system is usually conceptualized as having two components,
which are ________.

a.
the central nervous system and the peripheral
nervous system

b.
the brain and the spinal cord

c.
the autonomic nervous system and the somatic
nervous system

d. the
brain and the nerves

10. __________
are usually sources of hypotheses, rather than tests of hypotheses. a.
Correlational studies

b.
Case studies

c.
Psychological tests

d. Regression
analyses

11. Which
school of thought in psychology tried to explain how specific behaviors and
mental processes help a person adapt to the environment?

a.
phrenology

b.
structuralism

c.
functionalism

d. psychiatry

12. Skepticism
in scientific research means ________.

a.
acquiring knowledge by means of observation or
experimentation

b.
refusing to accept empirical evidence

c.
believing a claim is true unless you have
evidence that it is wrong

d. treating
conclusions, both new and old, with caution

13. The
______ activates the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine which produce
energy and alertness.

a.
autonomic nervous system

b.
somatic nervous system

c.
hippocampus

d. lymphatic
system

14. Which
technique uses radio frequencies and a magnetic field to produce images of the
brain? a. EEG

b. PET

c. MRI

d. TMS

15. The
input and output of the central nervous system is handled by the ________.

a.
lymphatic system

b.
endocrine system

c.
cardiovascular system

d. peripheral
nervous system

16. _______________
had the opinion that searching for building blocks of experience was a waste of
time because the brain and the mind are constantly changing.

a.
William James

b.
Wilhelm Wundt

c.
Sigmund Freud

d. E.
B. Titchener

17. An
important role of the spinal cord is ________.

a.
processing and storing of incoming sensory
information

b.
control of reflexes above the neck

c.
monitoring of the activity of the internal
organs

d. control
of automatic reflexes below the neck

18. A
major disadvantage of using laboratory observation in a research study is that
______.

a. the
presence of researchers may cause participants to act differently than they
would in their natural surroundings

b.
it can be used only for explaining behavior and
not for describing it

c.
it is often considered unethical

d. researchers
have less control of the situation than they do in a naturalistic observation

19. Who
established the first psychological laboratory in 1879?

a.
Sigmund Freud

b.
John Locke

c.
William James

d. Wilhelm
Wundt

20. Critical
thinkers should approach psychology textbooks as ______.

a.
being almost entirely correct

b.
an opportunity to generate alternative
explanations

c.
being almost entirely incorrect

d. a
way to reduce uncertainties

21. __________
psychology addresses the full spectrum of human behavior, both the commonplace
and the exceptional.

a.
Popular

b.
Scientific

c.
Medical

d. Maladaptive

22. The
part of neurons that receive messages from nerve cells and look like the
branches of a tree are called ______.

a.
axons

b.
neurotransmitters

c.
dendrites

d. cell
bodies

23. Which
of the following transmit messages away from cell bodies to neurons, muscles,
or gland cells?

a.
axons

b.
neurotransmitters

c.
dendrites

d. glial
cells

24. Which
of the following is the correct order for scientific research?

a.
evidence, prediction, hypothesis, theory

b.
prediction, evidence, hypothesis, theory

c.
hypothesis, evidence, theory, prediction

d. theory,
hypothesis, prediction, evidence

25. ___________
is defined as a statistical estimate of the proportion of the total variance in
some trait that is attributable to genetic differences among individuals within
a group. a. Heredity

b.
Heritability

c.
Diversity

d. Expressivity