HU260 Week 3 Midterm Exam Latest 2022

Question 1 In your own words, explain the difference between validity and soundness.

Question 2 In your own words, construct a syllogism showing that John has parents.

Question 3 In your own words, explain the difference between ethical reasoning that is the deontological and ethical reason that is consequentialist.

Question 4. What are the three requirements of cogent reasoning?

Question 5 What is the difference between a descriptive premise and a prescriptive premise?

Question 6 Identify the following argument form: If P, then Q. P, therefore Q.

                Modus ponens

                Modus tollens

                Constructive dilemma

                Hypothetical syllogism

                Disjunction

Question 7Beliefs that are the most ingrained and most resistant to amendment of all of our background beliefs comprise our:

                Worldview

                Conclusion

                Opinion

                Human nature

                Religion

Question 8Choose the best answer that applies: Words such as “because,” “since,” “for,” “hence,” “therefore” and “so” are examples of:

                Logical indicators

                Premises

                Conclusions

                Arguments

                Fallacies

Question 9The view that morality is independent of human opinion is known as:

                                Moral objectivism

                                Moral relativism

                                Moral emotivism

                                Moral nihilism

                                Moral error theory

Question 10“Flying on airplanes is probably safe because your chance of dying is lower than dying in a car accident” is an example of what kind of argument?

                Propositional

                Deductive

                Analogical

                Categorical

                Inductive

Question 11What distinguishes moral arguments from descriptive arguments?

                Moral arguments are descriptive

                Moral arguments are prescriptive

                Moral arguments are based on opinion

                Moral arguments are syllogistic

                There is no difference

Question 12What kind of argument works by assuming the opposite of what we want to prove in order to show its counterintuitive implications?

                Disjunctive syllogism

                Modus tollens

                Tautology

                Affirming the consequent

                Reductio ad absurdum

Question 13A statement that is necessarily false (i.e. it must be false) is known as a:

                Contradiction

                Tautology

                Contingent

                Valid argument

                Sample

Question 14An argument containing three categorical propositions is known as a:

                Categorical argument

                Syllogism

                Thesis

                Reductio ad absurdum

                Analogical argument

Question 15Identify the following kind of reasoning: “All X’s observed are Y’s. So, all X’s whatsoever are Y’s.”

                Concatenated reasoning

                Contraposition

                Enumerative induction

                Statistical induction

                Causal reasoning

Question 16Jack explains to John that it is wrong to lie because it violates the obligation to tell the truth. What kind of reasoning is Jack engaging in?

                Propositional

                Inductive

                Deductive

                Consequentialist

                Deontological

Question 17Jack explains to John that it is wrong to lie because he will get caught and lose his job. What kind of reasoning is Jack engaging in?

                Deductive

                Inductive

                Propositional

                Consequentialist

                Deontological

Question 18Reasoning that is in error is known as

                Warranted

                Fallacious

                Valid

                Cogent

                Propositional

Question 19Beliefs concerning the nature of human nature and the reliability of information sources are two kinds of:

                Categorical beliefs

                Moral beliefs

                Background beliefs

                Opinions

                Facts

Question 20Reasoning that is based off similarities between like cases is known as:

                Analogical reasoning

                Deductive reasoning

                Categorical reasoning

                Syllogistic reasoning

                Fallacious reasoning