HSC106 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II Exam 1 Latest 2021 March

Question 1 The lab report for a patient including results from a CBC with a differential WBC count, indicates an increase of leukocytes with neutrophils showing the greatest increase above normal range. Which condition best describes the patient’s lab findings?

bacterial infection

 allergies

 viral infection

 parasitic infection

Question 2 If having a baby is being considered, which couple would have reason to be concerned with their blood types?

Wife with B- blood and husband with A+ blood

 Wife with A- blood and husband with B- blood

 Wife with O+ blood and husband with O- blood

 Wife with AB+ blood and husband with O+ blood

Question 3 Which substance produced by the kidneys, by a leukocyte, helps prevent unnecessary blood clotting?

heparin

 histamine

 antibodies

 serotonin

What is the term for blood vessels that provide a “detour” in the circulation of the heart’s blood supply?

anastomoses

 myocardial infarction

 autorhythmic supply

 angiogram study

What would be a direct result of a decreased number of blood cells?

decreased blood viscosity

 increased blood viscosity

 increased albumin

 increased plasma proteins

What is hematocrit?

percentage of RBCs in blood

 percentage of WBCs in blood

 iron-containing protein which can bond to oxygen

 iron-containing protein which can bond to carbon dioxide

Which organ produces erythropoietin during times of decreased oxygen in the blood?

kidney

 bone

 liver

 spleen

What protein is most abundant in the blood plasma?

albumin

 prothrombin

 fibrinogen

 globulins

What is the approximate life span of RBCs?

120 days

 60 days

 45 days

 30 days

Which antibidies are found in the plasma of type O blood?

both anti-A and anti-B antibodies

 neither anti-A nor Anti-B antibodies

 anti-B antibodies only

 anti-A antibodies only

Which plasma protein is important for increasing blood volume?

albumin

 prothrombin

 fibrinogen

 globulins

What would be a direct result of an increased number of blood cells?

increased blood viscosity

 decreased blood viscosity

 decreased plasma proteins

 increased plasma proteins

How will parasympathetic impulses from the nervous system affect the heart?

Increase rate

 Decrease rate

 Increase stroke volume

 Decrease stroke volume

What action occurs when the aortic and carotid baroreceptors are stimulated?

the heart rate decreases

 the heart rate increases

 blood pressure increases

 excitation of the vasomotor center

Following the path of blood-flow beginning at the superior and inferior vena cava, what is the order of chambers and valves the blood will flow through before exiting the heart?

right atrium through the tricuspid valve to right ventricle

 left atrium through the mitral valve to left ventricle

 right atrium through the SA node to left atrium

 left ventricle through the mitral valve to right ventricle

What does the QRS complex represent on an electrocardiogram?

depolarization of the atria

 depolarization of the ventricles

 repolarization of the ventricles

 repolarization of the atria

What does the P wave represent on an electrocardiogram?

depolarization of the atria

 depolarization of the ventricles

 repolarization of the ventricles

 repolarization of the atria

What is a heart murmur?

It is an abnormal sound created by heart valves that do not close properly

 It is a normal sound created by heart valves closing properly

It is the “dup” sound of the “lub-dup” auscultated during a cardiac cycle

 It is the “lub” sound of the “lub-dup” auscultated during a cardiac cycle

How often and for what amount of time, does a person need to exercise to make long-lasting and beneficial changes to the cardiovascular system?

Three days per week for 20-30 minutes.

 Five days per week for at least 30 minutes.

 Six days per week for 20 minutes.

 Two days per week for 60 minutes.

Following the path of blood-flow beginning at the pulmonary veins, what is the order of chambers and valves the blood will flow through before exiting the heart?

right atrium through the tricuspid valve to right ventricle

 left atrium through the mitral valve to left ventricle

 right atrium through the SA node to left atrium

 left ventricle through the mitral valve to right ventricle

What affect will an increase in heart rate have on the cardiac output?

the cardiac output will increase

 the cardiac output will decrease

 the cardiac output will remain the same

 the cardiac output will become zero

If a patient has a blood pressure of 120/80, what does the first number represent?

the systolic pressure

 the diastolic pressure

 the total pressure

 the resistance of the blood vessels

What characteristics of the cardiac cycle does an electrocardiogram (EKG) represent?

electrical impulses

 blood flow through the chambers

 nerve stimulation

 pressure regulation

Question 24 Which chamber of the heart sends the blood to the pulmonary circulatory route?

right ventricle

 right atrium

 left ventricle

 left atrium

Where is the AV node located?

lowerinteratrial septum

 upperinterventricular septum

 wall of the right atrium

 interventricular septum

What does “systole” represent?

relaxation

 contraction

 pressure

 stroke

What hormone decreases blood pressure in an attempt to maintain homeostasis?

aldosterone

 epinephrine

 atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

 anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)

How is blood pressure measured?

with a sphygmomanometer

 with a stethoscope only

 with an ECG

 by measuring the QRS complex

Which chamber of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body?

right atrium

 left atrium

 right ventricle

 left ventricle

Which receptors sense a change in the blood pressure, and which receptors sense a change in oxygen content in the blood?

baroreceptors and chemoreceptors, respectively

 chemoreceptors and pressoreceptors, respectively

 pressoreceptors sense both

 chemoreceptors sense both

Between what two structures is the tricuspid valve located?

 right atrium and right ventricle

 left atrium and left ventricle

 right ventricle and pulmonary arteries

 left ventricle and aortic arch

Prior to birth, which choice represents a structure that is located between the left and right atria?

Foramen ovale

 Ductusarteriosus

 Superior vena cava

 Pulmonary artery

Moving from the exterior to the interior of the heart, what are the layers of the wall?

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

 myocardium, endocardium, epicardium

 epicardium, endocardium, myocardium

 endocardium, myocardium, epicardium

Within what structure is the heart located?

mediastinum

 peritoneum

 parietal pleura

 thoracic inlet

Between what two structures is the pulmonary semilunar valve located?

right atrium and right ventricle

 Left atrium and left ventricle

 right ventricle and pulmonary arteries

 left ventricle and aortic arch

What structures help to anchor the flaps of the heart valves?

SA node

 interventricular septum

 heart wall rigor

 Papillary muscles and chordae tendineae

Where are the Purkinje fibers located?

lowerinteratrial septum

 wall of the vena cava

wall of the right atrium

 along ventricular walls

What allows the heart rate to adapt to different situations?

nervous system regulation

blood pressure regulation

 cognitive regulation

 Starling’s law

What chemical is released from the adrenal medulla in stressful situations?

norepinephrine

 acetylcholine

 hydrogen ions

 Testosterone

What does a pulse measure?

the expansion and recoil of an artery

 the expansion and recoil of a vein

 the expansion and recoil of a capillary

 the expansion an recoil of a lymphatic vessel