FSU PSYC320 Quiz 7 Latest 2021 January

PSYC320 Theories of Learning

Quiz 7

Question 1The process whereby each time an old memory is recalled or reactivated may become vulnerable to modification is known as:

  reconsolidation.

  consolidation.

  electroconvulsive shock.

  false memory.

 Question 2Providing highly detailed yet false memories is known as:

  retrograde amnesia.

  consolidation.

  anterograde amnesia.

  confabulation.

 Question 3Proactive interference is when:

  you remember a fact but attribute it to the wrong source.

  old information disrupts new learning.

  you remember something that never happened.

  new information disrupts old learning.

 Question 4The research on how quickly people forget after having learned something has shown that:

  forgetting is slow during the first few days after learning and gradually increases over time.

  forgetting is most rapid during the first few days after learning.

  material is forgotten at a fairly constant rate.

  forgetting is rapid during the first few days after learning, then slows down, and eventually increases again.

 Question 5In a 1972 study, Bransford and Johnson read an abstract passage aloud to participants who then had to recall as much information as possible. Some participants were also told the topic of the passage before they heard the passage read. Which group remembered the MOST information?

  people who were told the topic before hearing the passage

  people who drew a picture while the passage was being read

  people who were not told the topic of the passage

  people who did not hear the passage but read it instead

 Question 6_____ states that the more deeply a person analyzes information, the more likely the information will be encoded and remembered later.

  The consolidation period

  The levels-of-processing effect

  Transfer-appropriate processing

  Cryptomnesia

 Question 7If you run into your psychology professor at the gym, you may be less likely to recognize her than when you see her in your regular classroom. This demonstrates the phenomenon of:

  source amnesia effect.

  encoding specificity effect.

  retroactive interference.

  proactive interference.

 Question 8When you remember information but are mistaken about the specific episode that is the source, this is known as:

  source monitoring error.

  source amnesia.

  retroactive interference.

  proactive interference.

 Question 9Evidence suggests that nonhuman animals probably have:

  episodic but not semantic memory.

  semantic and episodic memory.

  semantic but not episodic memory.

  neither semantic nor episodic memory.

 Question 10The memory test that involves generating requested information from memory is called _____, while the memory test that involves picking the  from a list of possible options is called _____.

  recognition; free recall

  free recall; cued recall

  recognition; cued recall

  free recall; recognition

 Question 11A person who has anterograde amnesia has difficulty with:

  naming living things.

  understanding the meaning of spoken words.

  recognizing common objects.

  learning new information.

 Question 12Which statement demonstrates that some memories are accessible to conscious recollection?

  James knows that he has the knowledge that the Earth is round.

  Isaac is able to describe what his new house looks like, even if it has never been described before.

  Olivia can read, even though she can’t remember learning this skill.

  People with amnesia are able to learn a new skill without realizing they have learned it.

 Question 13The hippocampus:

  is most active during initial encoding of words that would be remembered.

  is not used when recognizing pairs of objects.

  may be important for distinguishing a real memory from a false memory.

  does not seem to be important for episodic memory.

 Question 14What did Davachi et al. find when they used fMRI to examine brain activity during a levels-of-processing task?

  Brain activation did not differ for tasks that involved different levels of processing.

  There was differential brain activation for tasks that involved different levels of processing.

  The results were inconclusive.

  Brain activation depended more on how often the participants rehearsed the material than on how deeply it was processed.

 Question 15Which statement demonstrates that nonhuman animals may possess episodic memory?

  Rats can learn that pressing a bar produces a food reward.

  Gorillas can remember which fruit they ate yesterday and who gave it to them.

  Gorillas can learn to name fruits by using cards with pictures of the fruits on them.

  Rats can learn that pressing a bar will prevent them from receiving an electric shock.

 Question 16Severe memory impairment is referred to as:

  a seizure.

  interference.

  amnesia.

  the TAP effect.

 Question 17According to Tulving and other researchers, the ability to maintain episodic memories requires the ability to:

  remember spatial layout such as in a maze.

  remember how to escape an unpleasant situation such as avoiding shock.

  perform “mental time travel” to relive and review past experiences.

  express knowledge in a nonverbal way.

 Question 18The _____ effect is another example of the desirable difficulties phenomenon, where struggling to recall information can actually promote retention of that information later.

  encoding-specificity

  testing

  transfer-appropriate

  retrieval-specificity

 Question 19Retrograde amnesia involves:

  the loss of memories for events that occurred before a head injury.

  problems remembering one’s childhood but no trouble remembering recent events.

  forgetting one’s identity.

  difficulty learning new material after sustaining a head injury.

 Question 20Many students consider multiple-choice exams to be easier than essay exams. This is because multiple-choice test items:

  contain fewer memory cues than essay exams.

  involve free recall rather than recognition.

  involve free recall rather than cued recall.

  contain more memory cues than essay exams.