FSU PSYC320 Quiz 6 Latest 2021 January

PSYC320 Theories of Learning

Quiz 6

Question 1An automatic sorting based on information from a large number of other people’s past behaviors is called:

  distributed representations.

  the generalization gradient.

  stimulus sampling theory.

  collaborative filtering.

 Question 2Even though physical similarity is a frequent cause of generalization, _____ demonstrated that learning can be generalized if dissimilar stimuli have a history of co-occurring or predicting the same consequence.

  stimulus generalization

  acquired equivalence

  negative patterning

  similarity-based generalization

 Question 3If a business owner continues for years to hire people who have Harvard degrees, never realizing that he would have done better if he had hired a brilliant summa cum laude from a local university who he didn’t bother to interview, what is the business owner exhibiting?

  racism

  discrimination

  confirmation bias

  stereotypes

 Question 4The process of ignoring information that conflicts with a prior belief and focuses on information that is consistent with that belief is:

  inductive inference.

  discrimination.

  confirmation bias.

  categorization.

 Question 5The discrete-component model and the distributed model differ in that only the:

  discrete-component model includes an internal representation layer.

  distributed model includes an internal representation layer.

  discrete-component model includes input nodes.

  distributed model includes input nodes.

 Question 6Suppose a person reinforces a rat for responding to an 800-Hz tone and then observes that its response to a novel 750-Hz tone is about 50% of its response to the 800-Hz tone. The lower response to the 750-Hz tone occurs because the rat:

  cannot tell the difference between the two tones, so it responds by guessing.

  has learned to discriminate between the tones; therefore, it makes different responses to them.

  can hear the 750-Hz tone about half as well as the 800-Hz tone.

  expects a 50% probability that its response will lead to a reward.

 Question 7If two stimuli differ within a single dimension—for example, tone frequency—the paradigm is referred to as:

  the generalization gradient.

  extradimensional discrimination.

  intradimensional discrimination.

  the discrete-component model.

 Question 8Gluck and Myers have proposed a model of the hippocampal region in which the hippocampal region:

  selects what information enters the memory and how it is to be encoded.

  stores the stimulus–response associations that control motor outputs.

  expands redundant or unimportant information.

  compresses useful or predictive information.

 Question 9Paradigms in which stimuli differ across multiple dimensions, for example tones and lights, are known as:

  the generalization gradient.

  the discrete-component model.

  intradimensional discrimination.

  extradimensional discrimination.

 Question 10Uma studied hard for her calculus test and found that she learned some study habits that could help her study for her physics test and other tests in the future. This is an example of:

  generalization.

  discrimination.

  negative patterning.

  sensory preconditioning.

 Question 11Which is an example of when there are similar stimuli but different outcomes?

  Apples and bananas are nasty.

  Apples are tasty but bananas are nasty.

  Apples are tasty but pears are nasty.

  Apples and pears are tasty.

 Question 12Which is an example of when there are dissimilar stimuli but the same outcome?

  Apples are tasty but bananas are nasty.

  Apples are tasty but pears are nasty.

  Apples and pears are tasty.

  Apples and bananas are nasty.

 Question 13Lesions of the hippocampal region lead to:

  enhanced latent inhibition.

  enhanced acquired equivalence.

  impaired acquired equivalence.

  increased generalization between stimuli that have co-occurred in the past.

 Question 14The set of all stimuli that have the same consequence as the training stimulus is called the:

  configural node.

  topographic representation.

  consequential region.

  receptive field.

 Question 15In a single-layer network using a discrete-component representation, negative patterning:

  cannot be represented in any way that would make the network respond correctly.

  is represented by assigning a weight of 1 to both stimuli and a weight of 0 to their combination.

  is represented by assigning a weight of 1 to both stimuli and to their combination.

  is represented by assigning a weight of 1 to one stimulus and a weight of 0 to the other.

 Question 16Compared with the generalization gradient that is observed when no discrimination training is given, the generalization gradient that is observed after discrimination training is:

  steeper.

  the same.

  shallower or steeper, depending on the stimulus.

  shallower.

 Question 17The process by which websites use a form of generalization to predict what one would buy is called:

  collaborative filtering.

  the generalization gradient.

  discrete-component representation.

  distributed representations.

 Question 18If one trains a discrete-component model to respond to a blue light, how will it respond to a blue-green light?

  It will respond more strongly than it does to the blue light.

  It will respond less strongly than it does to the blue light.

  It will not respond at all to the blue-green light.

  It will respond as strongly as it does to the blue light.

 Question 19_____ categories tend to have ill-defined boundaries.

  Unnatural

  Inductive

  Natural

  Prototypical

 Question 20Brian can tell from the way his baby cries whether she is hungry, needs changing, is sick, or is tired. This is an example of:

  sensory preconditioning.

  discrimination.

  negative patterning.

  generalization.