FSU PSYC320 Quiz 1 Latest 2021 January

PSYC320 Theories of Learning

Quiz 1

Question 1The principle that the mind and body exist as separate entities, each with different characteristics and governed by its own laws, is called:

  nativism.

  contiguity.

  dualism.

  associationism.

 Question 2The process by which changes in behavior arise as a result of experience and interaction in the world is known as:

  learning.

  sampling.

  survival of the fittest.

  natural selection.

 Question 3Why was Charles Darwin’s view of natural selection controversial?

  Nobody believed that traits could be inherited.

  It suggested that there was not a major distinction between humans and other species.

  Darwin had no data to back up his claims.

  Darwin thought only physical traits could evolve, not behavioral traits.

 Question 4According to Aristotle’s principle of frequency, the ideas of “chair” and “table” are linked because people see chairs and tables together:

  at the same time.

  in kitchens.

  very often.

  in the same place.

 Question 5If one is driven to work by a friend each day, one will probably learn the route and be able to use it later on, even though there is no reward for using it. This is an example of:

  classical conditioning.

  generalization.

  latent learning.

  the law of effect.

 Question 6George Miller discovered that the average digit span is:

  about 15.

  about 7.

  more than 20.

  exactly 3.

 Question 7In which type of learning do organisms learn to respond in order to obtain or avoid important consequences?

  latent learning

  connectionist learning

  instrumental (operant) conditioning

  classical conditioning

 Question 8After a dog salivates to the sound of a specific bell tone, the dog also salivates at the sound of a slightly different bell tone. This is an example of:

  the law of effect.

  the learning curve.

  generalization.

  extinction.

 Question 9If dogs are presented with a bell followed by food, they quickly learn to salivate in response to the bell. If the bell is then presented without any food, what happens to the salivation response?

  It becomes gradually stronger.

  It stops immediately.

  It becomes gradually weaker.

  It continues at the same strength.

 Question 10B. F. Skinner discovered that when animals are given intermittent reinforcements, they:

  respond less than when they are rewarded on every trial.

  respond at least as well as when they are rewarded on every trial.

  respond for the first few trials but then stop responding.

  do not respond at all.

 Question 11If I say “left,” it might make one think of the word “right.” The connection in one’s memory between these concepts is known as:

  associationism.

  dualism.

  nativism.

  empiricism.

 Question 12In studying memory, Ebbinghaus was concerned that his data would be affected by the fact that he was more familiar with some words than others. He avoided this problem by using:

  strings of digits.

  real words that were familiar but very short.

  three-letter nonsense words.

  real words that were unfamiliar to him.

 Question 13The example of Clive Wearing’s memory loss demonstrates the power of _____ memories to survive when losing other memories, such as those of the past and present.

  short-term

  long-term

  situational

  emotional

 Question 14Which factor plays a role in helping an individual concentrate, allowing the brain to encode information in order to organize and store memories?

  sleeping

  exercise

  learning

  diet

 Question 15Charles Darwin observed that finches on different islands had different types of beaks that were most suited to coping with the environment of their particular island. From this insight, he concluded that:

  animals migrate to locations that are most suitable.

  animals were created in their present form by God.

  life on Earth is immutably fixed.

  life on Earth is evolving.

 Question 16Connectionist models propose that learning and memory involve:

  networks of connections between simple processing units called nodes.

  the storage and manipulation of symbols and labeled links.

  a one-step process of going from ignorance to knowledge in a single trial.

  random sampling of possible elements connected with a stimulus.

 Question 17Hermann Ebbinghaus measured forgetting by:

  measuring how long it took him to relearn a previously learned list.

  seeing how long a list he could remember after hearing the list just once.

  measuring how long it took him to learn a list perfectly.

  counting the number of times he needed to hear a list before he could recall it perfectly.

 Question 18While most bacteria are eliminated by antibiotics, some can possess mutations that are resistant to antibiotics, leading to more drug-resistant strains of bacteria. Such a mutation is an example of which of Charles Darwin’s proposed criteria for traits to evolve through natural selection?

  The trait must make the individual more fit to survive.

  The trait must vary.

  The trait must be inheritable.

  The trait must be able to be learned.

 Question 19In Ebbinghaus’s studies of memory, what was the dependent variable?

  delay between learning and relearning

  memory retention

  pretesting practice time

  list length

 Question 20_____ is a record of one’s past experiences.

  Motivation

  Experience

  Memory

  Learning