Excelsior NUR505 Module 4 Quiz Latest 2021 September

NUR505 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Module 4 Quiz  

Question 1Which of the following is a classical ECG finding in case of hypokalemia?

   The amplitude of the T wave is increased.

The amplitude of the U wave is increased.

The amplitude of the ST segment is elevated.

The length of the PR interval is decreased.

Question 2Which of the following does not increase the risk for urinary tract infection (UTI)?

Female gender.

Low urine potential of hydrogen (pH).

Low urine osmolality.

Diabetes mellitus.

Question 3Which of the following statements is correct about renal stones?

The great majority of renal stones are caused by phosphate precipitation.

Women are at higher risk for renal stones than men.

Struvite stones result from recurrent urinary tract infections.

Stones measure 1 cm to 1.5 cm pass the ureters spontaneously.

Question 4Calcium gluconate is used in cases of hyperkalemia. How does it work?

It enhances to potassium excretion from the renal tubules.

It counteracts potassium effects on cardiac muscles.

It enhances potassium shift from plasma into cells.

It enhances potassium excretion through the GI tract.

Question 5How does severe serum hypokalemia affect the cardiac muscles?

It decreases the membranes excitability leading to delayed ventricular repolarization.

It decreases the membranes excitability leading to rapid ventricular repolarization.

It increases the membranes excitability leading to paroxysmal atrial dysrhythmias.

It increases the membranes excitability leading to supraventricular dysrhythmias.

Question 6           sign is explained as follows:            serum calcium leads to           excitability of the facial nerve so if you tap below the temple the lip would twitch.

Select the option with the appropriate terms to fill in the spaces.

Chvostek; low; increased.

Chvostek; high; decreased.

Trousseau; low; increased.

Trousseau; high; increased.

Question 7Which of the following renal cancers has the worst prognosis according to the staging system?

T2, N0, M0.

T3, N1, M0.

T2, N3, M1.

T4, N1, M0.

Question 8Which of the following is a classical ECG finding in case of hyperkalemia?

The amplitude of the T wave is decreased.

The amplitude of the U wave is increased.

The width of the QRS complex is decreased.

The length of the PR interval is increased.

Question 9           sign in the figure below is explained as follows:            serum calcium leads to            excitability of the nerves in the arm exacerbated by ischemia induced by the cuff pressure.

Select the option with the appropriate terms to fill in the spaces.

Trousseau; low; increased.

Trousseau; high; decreased.

Chvostek; low; decreased.

Chvostek; high; increased.

Question 10A 58-year-old woman with history of neurologic bladder presents to the emergency room complaining of right-sided back pain and fever. She uses urinary catheterization regularly due to persistent urine retention. Urinalysis shows numerous white blood cell (WBC), positive leukesterase, and urine potential of hydrogen (pH) of 7.33. Based on these findings, which of the following statements is correct?

The patient has asymptomatic bacteriuria and does not require treatment.

Antibiotics that treat Proteus infections should be prescribed.

The presence of leukesterase rules out urinary tract infection.

The patient’s urine pH lowers the risk for renal stones.

Question 11A 3-year-old boy who has developed puffy eyes and bilateral lower extremity edema is brought by his mother to the emergency room. The boy was diagnosed with hepatitis B infection at the age of 7 months. His laboratory studies show a serum albumin level of 2.2 grams per deciliter (g/dL) and 4+ protein and no blood on urinalysis. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis in this patient?

Acute glomerulonephritis associated with nephrotic syndrome.

Acute glomerulonephritis associated with nephritic syndrome.

Acute pyelonephritis associated with nephrotic syndrome.

Acute pyelonephritis associated with nephritic syndrome.

Question 12In cases of hypoparathyroidism, renal activation of vitamin D, reabsorption of           , and excretion of            are all           .

Select the option with the appropriate terms to fill in the spaces.

Calcium; phosphorus; decreased.

Calcium; phosphorus; increased.

Phosphorus; calcium; decreased.

Phosphorus; calcium; increased.

Question 13A diabetic patient is hospitalized due to diabetic ketoacidosis. In his initial ABG results, which of the following is not expected?

Serum pH is less than 7.35.

Anion gap is lower than 10 milliequivalent (mEq)/L.

Bicarbonate is less than milliequivalent (mEq)/L.

PaCO2 is lower than 35 millimeters of mercury (mmHg).

Question 14Which of the following can lead to serum hyperkalemia?

Hypoxia.

 Alkalosis.

 Hypoinsulinemia.

Angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.

Question 15A patient is hospitalized post head trauma. He has developed diabetes insipidus and has produced a total of 8 liters of urine in the last 24 hours. When reviewing the laboratory results of this patient, which of the following is expected to be found?

Serum sodium level is 122 milliequivalent (mEq)/L.

Serum chloride level is 82 milliequivalent (mEq)/L.

Hematocrit level is 26%.

Specific gravity level is 1.035.