Devry JADM350 Week 8 Final Exam Latest 2019 MAY Question # 00602630 Subject: Education Due on: 07/01/2019 Posted On: 07/01/2019 04:03 AM Tutorials: 1 Rating: 4.8/5

JADM350 Research Methods in Criminal Justice

Week 8 Final Exam

Question 1 (TCO
1) The most commonly used source of research funding for crime and justice
academics is:

the Public
Broadcast System (PBS)

the NIJ

the BJS

the FBI

the Ford
Foundation

Question 2 (TCO 1) A method that uses a
written questionnaire or formal interview to gather quantitative data on the
backgrounds, behaviors, beliefs, or attitudes of a large number of people or
agencies is called

survey
research

experimentation

sampling

nonreactive
research

all of the
above

Question 3

(TCO 1)
During the Enlightenment, people believed in

logical
reasoning

emphasis on
experiences in the material world

a belief in
human progress

a
questioning of traditional religious authority

all of the
above

Question 4

(TCO 1)
Interpretive social science (ISS) can be traced to German sociologist

Auguste
Comte

Sigmund
Freud

Sir Karl
Popper

Karl Marx

Max Weber

Question 5

(TCO 2) A
person with an I.Q. of 8090 is usually considered to be

very
superior

superior

bright
normal

average

dull normal

Question 6

(TCO 2)
Criminal justice researchers typically sample

People

Subset of
reported crimes

Legal case
decisions

CRJ
processing decisions

All of the
above

Question 7

(TCO 2) The
______________ is a mathematical relationship that states: whenever many random
samples are drawn from a population, a normal distribution is formed, and the
center of the distribution for a variable equals the population parameter.

central
limit theorem

system
sampling

confidence
intervals

sampling
interval

sampling
theorem

Question 8

(TCO 2) A
random sample in which a researcher selects every kth (e.g., 12th) case in the
sample frame using a sampling interval is a

central
limit theorem

systematic
sampling

confidence
interval

sampling
interval

sampling
theorem

Question 9

(TCO 2)
Snowball sampling is

a nonrandom
sample in which the researcher begins with one case, and then, based on
information about interrelationships from that case, identifies other cases,
and repeats the process again and again

a sample in
which the sampling elements are selected using something other than a
mathematically random process

a nonrandom
sample in which the researcher first identifies general categories into which
cases or people will be selected, and then selects cases in order to reach a
predetermined number of cases in each category

a nonrandom
sample in which the researcher selects anyone he or she happens to come across

a nonrandom
sample in which the researcher uses a wide range of methods to locate all
possible cases of a highly specific and difficult-to-reach population

Question 10

(TCO 3)
When a researcher studies left-behind artifacts, existing data, graffiti art,
and documents, this is called

direct
observation

systematic
observation

“snooping”

nonreactive
data

indirect
observation

Question 11

(TCO 3) The
physical remains of human activity are called

fossils

rocks

physical
traces

archival
material

records

Question 12

(TCO 3)
Coding systems identify four characteristics of text content. They are:

Frequency,
Space, Direction, and Intensity

Height,
Weight, Eye Color, and Build

Space,
Time, Distance, and Volume

Length,
Width, Depth, and Area

Question 13

(TCO 3) A
code book is

the
systematic reorganization of raw data into a format that is computer readable

a set of
rules stating that certain numbers are assigned to variable attributes

a document
describing the coding procedure and the location of data for variables in a
format that computers can use

the act of
writing the code categories directly on the questionnaire

a data
field

Question 14

(TCO 3) A
table that shows the distribution of cases into categories of one variable,
that is, the number or percent of cases in each category, is called

a histogram

univariate
statistics

a frequency
distribution

descriptive
statistics

numerology

Question 15

(TCO 3) The
mode is

a
distribution of scores where the three measures of central tendency do not
equal one another

the largest
and smallest scores within a distribution of scores

the middle
point of a distribution of scores (½ fall below and ½ fall above the median)

the most
common or frequently occurring number in a distribution of scores

the
arithmetic average of a distribution of scores

Question 16

(TCO 4)
Scientific misconduct includes

when a researcher
fakes of invents data

when a
researcher falsely reports how research was conducted

stealing
the ideas or writings of others

violations
of people’s rights in the collection of data

all of the
above

Question 17

(TCO 4)
A(n) _____________ is form of circular reasoning in which someone appears to
say something new but is really talking in circles and making a statement that
is true by definition

spurious
relationship

reductionism

tautology

teleology

ecological
fallacy

Question 18

(TCO 4) A
threat to internal validity that occurs when the treatment “spills over” from
the experimental group and control group subjects modify their behavior because
they learn of the treatment is called

instrumentation

experimental
mortality

“spill over
effect”

experimental
effects

diffusion
of treatment

Question 19

(TCO 4) The
biggest problem with mail questionnaires is

they are
not very accurate

they cost
too much

they have a
low response rate

people lie
on the questionnaire

Question 20

(TCO 5) A
form of research that describes a culture and understanding another way of life
from the native point of view is called

ethnography

explicit
knowledge

common
knowledge

tacit
knowledge

common
sense

Question 21

(TCO 5)
Qualitative data in which a researcher attempts to capture all the details of a
social setting in an extremely detailed description and convey an intimate feel
for the setting and the inner lives of people in it is called

ethnography

explicit
knowledge

thick
description

tacit
knowledge

common
sense

Question 22

(TCO 5)
Systematically collecting historical materials and analyzing those materials
for the purpose of constructing a descriptive and/or theoretical account of
what has happened in the past is called

historical
research

comparative
research

historical-comparative
research

bilateral
research

Question 23

(TCO 5)
Transcience is _________________.

focusing on
one idea or thing so much that is misdirects one’s attention so that other,
simple things, are forgotten

searching
unsuccessfully for information that the person possesses but cannot recall
despite trying to do so at the moment (it is on the tip of my tongue)

mistaking
fantasy for reality, or what one heard from a friend or what one saw in a movie
for one’s own experience

being asked
questions in such a way that a person begins to distort his or her memory and
believe things happened that did not happen

experiencing
the slow, continuous decay of memory over time, such that the more distance in
the past an event occurred, the less detail is recalled about it

Question 24

(TCO 6)
Which of the following maps is used by researchers to primarily orient their
data?

Spatial map

Face map

Social map

Temporal
map

Member map

Question 25

(TCO 6) The
principle that researchers should examine events as they occur in natural,
everyday ongoing social settings refers to which of the following:

artificialism

reflexivity

temporalism

naturalism

ethnography

Question 26

(TCO 6)
This refers to deciphering the meaning found in language and images, in the
form of signs, as well as their complex interrelationships. It requires us to question
commonsense assumptions and challenges us not to take for granted that there is
an objective reality that stands apart from human creation and interpretation:

Anachronism

Baconian
fallacy

Case review

Semiotics

Pseudoproof

Question 27

(TCO 6) A
Latin legal concept that means that once a legal precedent has been made by a
court, all subsequent judicial decisions should follow that precedent unless
there is a compelling reason not to, is called

mens rea

actus reus

stare
decisis

the law of
order

case law

Question 28

(TCO 7) A
second stage of coding of qualitative data, in which a researcher organizes the
codes, links them, and discovers key analytic categories, is called

axial
coding

open coding

coding

selective
coding

Question 29

(TCO 7)
Models or mental abstractions of social relations or processes are called
________. They are pure standards against which the data or “reality” can be
compared.

replications

copies

imaginative
concepts

non-reality
ideas

ideal types

Question 30

(TCO 7) The
conceptual categories in an explanation used as part of the illustrative method
are called

empty boxes

illustrative
methods

theoretical
methods

empirical
methods

analytic
comparisons

Question 31

(TCO 7)
_______________ is restating an author’s ideas in one’s own words and giving
proper credit to the original source.

A citation

Borrowing

Coping

Paraphrasing

Plagiarism

Question 32

(TCO 7) A
summary of a research project’s findings placed at the beginning of a report
for an applied, nonspecialist audience, usually a little longer than an
abstract, is called

the
executive summary

editing

revising

sketching

freewriting

Question 33

(TCO 8) A
skewed distribution is

distribution
of scores where the three measures of central tendency do not equal one another

the largest
and smallest scores within a distribution of scores

the middle
point of a distribution of scores (½ fall below and ½ fall above the median)

the most
common or frequently occurring number in a distribution of scores

the
arithmetic average of a distribution of scores

Question 34
(TCO 1) Explain the knowledge/power dynamic.

Question 35
(TCO 1) What are the four errors of personal experience that reinforce one
another in a person’s life?

Question 36
(TCO 2) What are the four ways to improve statistical reliability?

Question 37
(TCO 2) Define quota sampling.

Question 38
(TCO 3) List three topics appropriate for existing documents/statistics
research.

Question 39
(TCO 3) Explain a graphed linear relationship.

Question 40
(TCO 4) In three lines or less, explain the Stanley Milgram study. (p. 115)

Question 41
(TCO 4) Provide a short explanation of the role a field researcher adopts when
he or she does not disclose to the research subjects the purpose or objective
of the study.

Question 42
(TCO 5) List three suggestions for “staying safe in unsafe settings.”

Question 43
(TCO 5) What are the first three of seven steps in conducting legal research?

Question 44
TCO 6) In some states a police dog is classified as a police officer. If you
were describing the emotional binds between the handler and the dog, would they
be best described in qualitative or quantitative terms? Why?

Question 45
(TCO 6) A type of experimental design that considers the impact of several
independent variables simultaneously is called _________________. The treatment
or manipulation is not each independent variable but is rather what?

(TCO 7) List the three steps of writing in the
text.

(TCO 7) List three of the six suggestions for
writer’s block in the text.

Describe
the relationship between politics and research and include in your answer the
influence of funding.

(TCO 2) List and briefly explain four of the
eight types of statistical validity.

(TCO 2)
What is cluster sampling?

(TCO 3) What is the difference between manifest
coding and latent coding

(TCO 3) What are the steps in calculating the
standard deviation?

Question 52
(TCO 3) What are the steps in calculating the standard deviation?

Question 53
(TCO 4) Explain the terms covert observation, deep cover, shallow cover, and
explicit cover.

Question 54
(TCO 4) What are the five characteristics of a causal hypothesis?

Question 55
(TCO 5) Explain the concept of “thick description.”

Question 56
(TCO 5) What are three principles of participant observation?

1. (TCO 6) What is the difference
between an ethnographer and an informant?

2. (TCO 6) What is happening
statistically when there is a deliberate distortion of the past designed to
protect the appearance of a particular image? What is it called?

3. (TCO 7) Explain the four
similarities between quantitative and qualitative forms of data analysis.

4. (TCO 7) According to the conclusion
to the book, what should be the ultimate purpose of criminal
justice/criminology research? Explain.