Chapter 11&12 – Hash Functions & Message Authentication Codes
Chapter 11 – Hash Functions
Hash functions are an important cryptographic primitive and are widely used in protocols. They compute a digest of a message which is a short, fixed-length bitstring. For a particular message, the message digest, or hash value, can be seen as the fingerprint of a message, i.e., a unique representation of a message. Unlike all other crypto algorithms introduced so far in this book, hash functions do not have a key. The use of hash functions in cryptography is manifold: Hash functions are an essential part of digital signature schemes and message authentication codes, as discussed in Chapter 12. Hash functions are also widely used for other cryptographic applications, e.g., for storing of password hashes or key derivation. In this chapter you will learn:
Why hash functions are required in digital signature schemes
Important properties of hash functions
A security analysis of hash functions, including an introduction to the birthday paradox
An overview of different families of hash functions
How the popular hash function SHA-1 works
Chapter 12 – Message Authentication Codes (MACs)
A Message Authentication Code (MAC), also known as a cryptographic checksum or a keyed hash function, is widely used in practice. In terms of security functionality, MACs share some properties with digital signatures, since they also provide message integrity and message authentication. However, unlike digital signatures, MACs are symmetric-key schemes and they do not provide nonrepudiation. One advantage of MACs is that they are much faster than digital signatures since they are based on either block ciphers or hash functions. In this chapter you will learn:
The principle behind MACs
The security properties that can be achieved with MACs
How MACs can be realized with hash functions and with block ciphers
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