APU SOCI332 All Weeks Assignments Latest March 2019 Question # 00599315 Subject: Education Due on: 03/11/2019 Posted On: 03/11/2019 10:45 AM Tutorials: 1 Rating: 4.9/5
Statistics for Social Science
Week 3 Assignment 1
Assignment 1: Research
Guidelines
Complete the following
assignment by filling in all pertinent areas of research. You will need to utilize SPSS for this
assignment. You should complete this
assignment using the variables and topic that you have chosen for your Final
Portfolio Project. You will then be able
to follow this as a guide as well as a check-point with your instructor. It is essential that you read through all of
the feedback regardless of your score.
You will be required to submit an SPSS output file with this assignment
for credit. However, you must copy and
paste all relevant output data into this document for credit. Throughout the assignment you will see places
where your tables, charts, and graphs can be placed.
You may need to go back
through the document to address formatting issues that may shift as you begin
to input your data. Points will be
deducted for sloppiness. Please treat
this as a professional outline used for a proposal. Use a different, but legible, color font for
your responses.
This assignment is to
completed and submitted no later than the Sunday of week 3 by 11:55pm ET. This assignment is worth 60 points. Save the word file as follows [your last
name_SOCI332_A1] and submit it to the dropbox for feedback.
Note:
This course has
“Resubmission” status enabled to help you if you realize you submitted an
incorrect or blank file, or if you need to submit multiple documents as part of
your Assignment. Resubmission of an
Assignment after it is graded, to attempt a better grade, is not permitted.
Assignment 1: Research
Guidelines
Complete the following
assignment by filling in all pertinent areas of research. You will need to utilize SPSS and the GSS
dataset for this assignment. You should complete this assignment using the
variables and topic that you have chosen for your Final Portfolio Project. You will then be able to follow this as a
guide as well as a check-point with your instructor. It is essential that you read through all of
the feedback regardless of your score.
You will be required to submit:
1. This word document with blanks filled and SPSS outputs
inserted. Throughout the assignment you
will see places where your tables, charts, and graphs can be placed.
2. An SPSS output file (spv) with this assignment for
credit.
You may need to go back
through the document to address formatting issues that may shift as you begin
to input your data. Points will be
deducted for sloppiness. Please treat
this as a professional outline used for a proposal. Use a different, but legible, color font for your
responses.
This assignment is to
completed and submitted no later than the Sunday of week 3 by 11:55pm ET. This assignment is worth 60 points. Save the word file as follows [your last name_SOCI332_A1]
and submit it to the dropbox for feedback. Label the SPV file as [your last
name_SOCI332_A1output]
(A) My Purpose (research question) ( /5 pts)
My research question is:
__________________________________________________-_____.
I chose this topic
because ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
(B) All About GSS 2016 data ( /5 pts) ***Reference Lesson 1 and
http://gss.norc.org/faq***
1. Who are the participants? ___________________________________________________________________________
2. What population does the sample represent?
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Who is funding the research?
___________________________________________________
4. When was the data collected?
__________________________________________________
5. How was the data collected?
___________________________________________________
(C) Variables (You are expected to have
only one dependent variable (DV) and one or two independent variables (IV).
( /10 pts)
My IV(s): if you have
multiple IVs, provide information for EACH IV using the format below.
IV Variable name in SPSS:
___________________
IV Question (as asked to
the respondent verbatim) __________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
IV Answer categories:
___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
IV Level of Measurement
(nominal, ordinal, interval/ratio): ___________________
My DV: only ONE DV is
required for your final portfolio
DV variable name in
SPSS: ______________________________
DV Question (as asked to
the respondent verbatim)- __________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
DV Answer categories:
_____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
DV Level of Measurement
(nominal, ordinal, interval/ratio): ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬__________________________
(D) Frequency Tables ( /10 pts)
Run frequencies for each
variable listed above. Summarize your
findings in a paragraph or two below.
What do the counts and valid percents tell you about each variable? Cite
numbers in the frequency tables to support your conclusion. Be sure to insert
your tables (copy and paste from SPSS) into this document.
[Insert SPSS frequency
tables here]
(E) Graphs and Charts ( /6 pts)
Run the appropriate
graphs/charts for each of your variables listed above. Summarize your findings briefly in a
paragraph or two. Cite numbers in the
graph/charts to support your conclusion. Include a title on each of your charts
and other pertinent labels you feel necessary.
[Insert SPSS
graphs/charts here]
(F) Measures of Central Tendency and
Dispersion ( /10 pts)
Run the measures of
central tendency and dispersion for each of your variables. Summarize your
findings briefly in a paragraph or two. Which measures are appropriate for
nominal, ordinal, or interval/ratio variables? What do these measures tell us
about each variable?
[Insert SPSS output here]
(G) Recoding ( /10 pts)
Choose one of your
variables to recode. If you have an interval/ratio variable, you may recode it
into an ordinal variable. If you have two nominal/ordinal variables, recode the
one with the most categories into fewer categories.
[Insert the following items: SPSS syntax for
the recoding process; the frequency table for the original variable; and the
frequency table for the recoded variable]
Included SPV file (SPSS
output of all syntax tables and charts) – (
/4)
SOCI332 Statistics for Social Science
Week 5 Assignment 2
Assignment 2: Tests of
Significance
Throughout this
assignment you will review mock studies.
You will need to follow the directions outlined in each section of the
attached document using SPSS and decide whether there is significance between
the variables. You will need to list the
five steps of hypothesis testing (as covered in the lesson for Week 4) to see
how every question should be formatted.
You will complete all of the problems.
Be sure to cut and paste the appropriate SPSS outputs under each problem
and interpret the outputs within the context of each mock study. All
calculations should be coming from your SPSS. Hand calculation IS not
accepted. You are also required to
submit the SPSS output file (.spv) to get credit for this assignment. This spv. file should include ALL your
outputs. In other words, you are not
allowed to submit more than one output file for this assignment.
* Be sure that your
answers are clearly distinguishable.
Perhaps you bold your font or use a different color.
This assignment is due no later than Sunday of
Week 5 by 11:55 pm ET. Save the attached
file in the following format: [your last name_SOCI332_A2]. The file must be a word file.
Note:
This course has
“Resubmission” status enabled to help you if you realize you submitted an
incorrect or blank file, or if you need to submit multiple documents as part of
your Assignment. Resubmission of an
Assignment after it is graded, to attempt a better grade, is not permitted.
Assignment 2: Tests of
Significance
Throughout this
assignment you will review six mock studies. Follow the step-by-step
instructions:
a. Mock Studies 1 – 3 require you to enter data
from scratch. You need to create a data set for each of the three mock studies
by yourself. (Refresh the data entry skill acquired in Week 1.)
b. Mock Studies 4 – 6
require you to use the GSS 2016 dataset. The variables are specified in each
Mock Study.
c. Go through the five
steps of hypothesis testing (as covered in the lesson for Week 4) for EVERY
mock study.
d. All calculations should be coming from your
SPSS. You will need to submit the SPSS output file (.spv) to get credit for this
assignment.
The five steps of
hypothesis testing when using SPSS are as follows:
1. State your research hypothesis (H1) and null hypothesis
(H0).
2. Identify your significance level (alpha) at .05 or .01,
based on the mock study. In Mock Study One, you are required to use BOTH .05
and .01 to test your hypotheses. For the remaining mock studies, you only need
to use ONE level of significance (either .05 or .01) as specified in the
instructions.
3. Conduct your analysis using SPSS.
4. Look for the valid score for comparison. This score is usually under ‘Sig 2-tail’ or
‘Sig. 2’ or ‘Asymptotic Sig.’ We will
call this “p.”
5. Compare the two and apply the following rule:
a. If “p” is < or = alpha, then you reject the null.
b. Please explain what this decision means in regards to
this mock study. (Ex: Will you recommend counseling services?)
Please make sure your
answers are clearly distinguishable.
Perhaps you could bold your font or use a different color.
This assignment is due no
later than Sunday of Week 5 by 11:55 pm ET.
Save this Word file in the following format: [your last
name_SOCI332_A2]. Your spv (SPSS output)
file should be labeled [your last name_SOCI332_A2Output].
t-Tests
Mock Study 1: t-Test for
a Single Sample (20 points)
1. Researchers are interested in whether depressed people
undergoing group therapy will perform a different number of activities of daily
living after group therapy than the average for depressed people. The
researchers randomly selected 12 depressed clients to undergo a 6-week group
therapy program.
Use the five steps of
hypothesis testing to determine whether the average number of activities of
daily living (shown below in the table) obtained after therapy is significantly
different from a mean number of activities of 17 that is typical for depressed
people. (Clearly list each step).
Test the difference at
both the .05 and .01 levels of significance.
As part of Step 5, indicate
whether the behavioral scientists should recommend group therapy for all
depressed people based on evaluation of the null hypothesis at both levels of
significance (.05 and .01).
Data to be entered in
SPSS (instructions below)
CLIENT AFTER THERAPY
A 18
B 14
C 11
D 25
E 24
F 17
G 14
H 10
I 23
J 11
K 22
L 19
Step 1: Data managing
1. Open a blank SPSS data
file: File? New? Data
2. In the blank SPSS data
file, create your SPSS data set by entering the number of activities of daily
living performed by the depressed clients (numbers listed under AFTER THERAPY –
see above) in the Data View window.
3. In the Variable View
window, change the variable name to “ADL.” Set the decimals to zero.
Step 2: SPSS execution
a. Click: Analyze ?
Compare Means ? One-Sample T test ? use the arrow to move “ADL” to the
Variable(s) window on the right.
b. Enter the population
mean (17) in “Test Value”
c. Click OK.
Mock Study 2: t- Test for
Dependent Means (15 points)
1. Researchers are interested in whether depressed people
undergoing group therapy will perform a different number of activities of daily
living before and after group therapy. The researchers randomly selected 8
depressed clients in a 6-week group therapy program.
Use the five steps of
hypothesis testing to determine whether the observed differences in the numbers
of activities of daily living obtained before and after therapy are
statistically significant at .05 level of significance. (Clearly list each
step).
As part of Step 5,
indicate whether the researchers should recommend group therapy for all
depressed people based on evaluation of the null hypothesis.
Data to be entered in
SPSS (instructions below)
CLIENT BEFORE THERAPY AFTER
THERAPY
A 11 17
B 7 12
C 10 12
D 13 21
E 9 16
F 8 17
G 13 17
H 12 8
Step 1: Managing data
1. Open a blank SPSS data
file: File?New?Data
2. In the blank SPSS data
file, create your SPSS data set by entering the number of activities of daily
living performed by the depressed clients (see above) in the Data View window.
Enter the “before therapy” scores in the first column and the “after therapy”
scores in the second column.
3. In the Variable View
window, change the variable name for the first variable to “ADLPRE” and the
second variable to “ADLPOST.” Set the decimals for both variables to zero.
Step 2: SPSS execution
a. Click: Analyze ?
Compare Means ?Paired-Samples t-Test ? use the arrow to move ADLPRE under
“variable 1” inside Paired Variable(s) window? and then use the arrow to move
ADLPOST under “variable 2” inside Paired Variable(s) window.
b. Click OK.
Mock Study 3: t-Test for
Independent Samples (15 points)
1. Six months after an industrial accident, a researcher has
been asked to compare the job satisfaction of employees who participated in
counseling sessions with those who chose not to participate. The job
satisfaction scores for both groups are reported in the table below.
Use the five steps of
hypothesis testing to determine whether the job satisfaction scores of the
group that participated in counseling session are statistically different from
the scores of employees who chose not to participate in counseling sessions at
.01 level of significance. (Clearly list each step).
As part of Step 5,
indicate whether the researcher should recommend counseling as a method to
improve job satisfaction following industrial accidents based on evaluation of
the null hypothesis.
Data to be entered in
SPSS (instructions below)
PARTICIPATED IN
COUNSELING DID NOT PARTICIPATE IN
COUNSELING
36 38
39 36
41 36
36 32
37 30
35 39
37 41
39 35
42 33
Step 1: Data managing
1. Open a blank SPSS data
file: File? New? Data
2. In the blank SPSS data
file, create your SPSS data set by entering the number of activities of daily
living performed by those who participated/did not participate in the
counseling sessions (reported on previous page). Please create two columns.
Column one is the test variable, where you enter ALL the 18 scores in the
table. Column 2 is the grouping variable, where you use “1” to indicate if a
score is from someone who participated in the counseling sessions; and “0” to
indicate if a score is from someone who chose not to participate in the
counseling sessions. The data set will look like this in SPSS Data View window:
36 1
49 1
……….
39 0
36 0
……….
3. After data entry, go
to Variable View window, change the name of the first variable (test variable)
to “ADL” and the second variable (grouping variable) as “group.” Set decimals
for both variables to zero.
Step 2: SPSS execution
a. Click: Analyze? Compare Means?Independent-Samples T Test?
use arrow to move ADL to “Test Variable” ? use arrow to move “group” to
“Grouping Variable” ?when two (? ?) appear, click Define Groups. On the next
pop up window, enter “1” for “Group 1” and “0” to “Group 2.”
b. Click OK.
ANOVA (15 points)
Mock study 4
1. An advertising firm has been hired to assess whether
different demographics have different rates of TV watching to help determine
their advertising strategy. Using the GSS 2016 data, determine whether hours of
tv watched differs by race.
Use the five steps of
hypothesis testing to determine whether the observed differences in the number
of hours watching TV across three groups are statistically significant at .05
level of significance. (Clearly list each step).
As part of Step 5,
indicate whether the advertising firm should target each racial group
differently (if their habits differ) based on evaluation of the null
hypothesis.
Variables from GSS 2016
dataset to be used (instructions below):
RACE – race of respondent
1 = WHITE
2 = BLACK
3 = OTHER
TVHOURS – hours per day
watching TV
Step 1: Data managing
1. Open a blank SPSS data
file: File? Open Data? GSS2016.sav (from wherever you have it saved)
Step 2: SPSS execution
a. Click: Analyze ? Compare Means ? One-Way ANOVA ? use
arrow to move TVHOURS to “Dependent Variable list” ? use arrow to move RACE to
“Factor,” which instructs SPSS to conduct the analysis of variance on the
number of activities performed by therapy type.
b. Click: Options ? Descriptive (to obtain descriptive
statistics).
c. Click: Continue
d. Click: OK.
Additional question based
on Mock Study 4
2. Describe the circumstances under which you should use
ANOVA instead of t-Tests. Explain why t-Tests are inappropriate in these
circumstances.
Chi-Square (20 points)
Mock study 5-1:
Chi-Square Test for Goodness of Fit
1. Researchers are interested in whether US adults have
different levels of confidence in the President (executive branch) of the
federal government.
Following the five steps
of hypothesis testing, conduct “goodness of fit” chi-square test to determine
whether the observed frequencies are significantly different from the expected
frequencies at the .01 level of significance. (Clearly list each step).
As part of Step 5,
indicate whether the observed frequency is significantly different from the
expected frequency when equal number of adults in each confidence category is
assumed (100%/3=33%). What does this mean in regard to this mock study?
Variable from GSS 2016
dataset to be used (instructions below):
CONFED – confidence in
executive branch of federal government
1 = A GREAT DEAL
2 = ONLY SOME
3 = HARDLY ANY
Step 1: Data managing
1. Open a blank SPSS data
file: File? Open Data? GSS2016.sav (from wherever you have it saved)
Step 2: SPSS execution
a. Click: Analyze ? Non-Parametric Tests ? Legacy Dialogs ?
Chi-Square ? use the arrow to move CONFED to “Test Variable list.”
• This procedure instructs SPSS that the chi-square for
goodness of fit should be performed on the confidence in federal government
variable. Note that “All categories equal” is the default selection in the
“Expected Values” box, which means that SPSS will conduct the goodness of fit
test using equal expected frequencies for each of the four styles, in other
words, SPSS will assume that the proportions of students each style are equal.
b. Click OK.
Mock study 5-2:
Chi-Square Test for Independence
2. Next, researchers categorized the same group from the
previous study based on the level of confidence in the federal government and
whether that person is of a certain (self-identified) social class. These data are presented below.
Following the five steps
of hypothesis testing, conduct chi-square test for independence at the .05
level of significance. (Clearly list
each step).
As part of Step 5,
indicate whether social class affects one’s confidence in the President.
Variables from GSS 2016
dataset to be used (instructions below):
CONFED – confidence in
executive branch of federal government
1 = A GREAT DEAL
2 = ONLY SOME
3 = HARDLY ANY
CLASS – subjective class
identification
1 = LOWER CLASS
2 = WORKING CLASS
3 = MIDDLE CLASS
4 = UPPER CLASS
5 = NO CLASS
Step 1: Data managing
1. Continue to work on
the data set already opened in Mock Study 5-1: goodness of fit Chi-square test.
Step 2: SPSS execution
a. Click: Analyze ? Descriptive Statistics ? Crosstabs ? use
arrow to move “CLASS” to “Column(s)”? use arrow to move “CONFED” to “Row(s).”
(Recall in crosstab, DV is always in the row and IV is always in the column.)
b. Click: Statistics ? check “Chi-Square.”
c. Click: Continue.
d. Click: Cells? check “Expected.”
e. Click: Continue.
f. Click: OK.
Regression (15 points)
Mock study 6-1: Linear
Regression
1. Researchers in the field of gerontology are researching
the effects of age on mental health. They are using GSS data to gather some
preliminary findings.
Following the five steps
of hypothesis testing, conduct a linear regression analysis to determine
whether age affects number of poor mental health days at the .05 level of
significance. (Clearly list each step).
As part of Step 5,
indicate whether there is a significant relationship between age and mental
health at the .05 level and what does this mean in regard to this mock study.
Should the researchers continue their study?
Variables from GSS 2016
dataset to be used (instructions below):
AGE – age of respondent
MNTLHLTH – Days of poor
mental health past 30 days
Step 1: Data managing
2. Open a blank SPSS data
file: File? Open Data? GSS2016.sav (from wherever you have it saved)
Step 2: SPSS execution
e. Click: Analyze ? Regression ? Linear? use arrow to move
MNTLHLTH to “Dependent list” ? use arrow to move AGE to “Independent,” which
instructs SPSS to conduct the linear regression on the relationship of age to
poor mental health.
f. Click: OK.
This assignment is due no
later than Sunday of Week 5 by 11:55 pm ET.
Save this file (as a Word
file) in the following format: [your last name_SOCI332_A2]. You must also submit an SPSS output file
(.spv) labeled [your last name_SOCI332_A2Output].
SOCI332 Statistics for Social Science
Week 7 Assignment 3
Final Portfolio
Assignment (Due Week 7)
Overview
One of the most crucial
components of this course is developing a research project from conceptualizing
a research problem and developing a number of measurement and statistical
analysis approaches to bring evidence to bear on the problem. Throughout the class, you created a research
study based on publicly available data from the General Social Survey
(GSS). You chose data which were
representative of your interests and satisfied your research question and hypotheses.
This Assignment meets
these course objectives:
Describe and apply the
concepts and logic of elementary statistics.
Conduct statistical
analysis in SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences).
Compare and contrast
different types of data and the statistics that can be used to analyze them
Examine the differences
between descriptive and inferential statistics and their use in the social
sciences.
Form critical
interpretations of quantitative research literature in sociology and other
social sciences.
Complete and interpret descriptive
and inferential statistical data analysis
Critically evaluate the
quality of research design and evidence in published social research.
Instructions
The Final Portfolio
Assignment is where you pull together the research you’ve been working on the
first seven weeks of class. Using your
weekly Forum posts, and the feedback from your classmates and instructor on
your posts, construct a 6-8 page paper that fully explores your research topic
in a way that provides the context and explanation surrounding the analyses
provided in the paper. Your project
should display you understand what you are writing about holistically, not
simply going through the motions.
Citing literature about
your research topic, be sure to set the stage for the data and analyses that
you present. Briefly describe the
General Social Survey as your survey instrument. Provide the questions, verbatim, that were
asked in the survey which became the variable which you chose to use. You will also need to include the answer
choices for each of them. This portion
can be a table if you choose. Share and
explain frequency table(s) an histograms or graphs to describe your data. Using the statistical tests you ran each week
in class (crosstabs, tests of significance, measures of association), present
the tests and your findings. Clearly
identify and explain your hypothesis and the five steps of hypothesis testing
as they apply to your paper. Explain the results of the statistical tests and
pull in some literature to provide context, demonstrating how your results and
research fit into the larger body of literature on this topic. Be sure to use proper APA formatting for
citations and references. However, you do not need to include an abstract or
table of contents. You can find guidance
in APA by clicking here to access the Purdue Online Writing Lab.
Because the project is a
formal, you should include a title page and reference page. You may organize
the paper based on the following headings:
Introduction – Introduce
the topic based in current literature (briefly – show why it is important to
study). Discuss why you chose the topic and what the purpose of the paper is.
Give a brief overview of what you will cover.
Literature Review –
Review 3-4 peer-reviewed sources that provide a background on your topic. These
sources don’t have to specifically address the relationship between your IV and
DV, but should address the topic and be somewhat related to your variables.
Methods – Briefly discuss
the GSS (information you included in Assignment 1) as your data source.
Identify and describe your specific variables, including the name, question,
and responses (categories). You may state your hypothesis here, but do not go
through the hypothesis testing steps until the next section.
Findings – Begin with a
discussion of each variable individually, utilizing your frequency tables and
charts/graphs. Then discuss your other analyses in logical order. Crosstabs are
your first look at a potential relationship. Next, discuss the steps of
hypothesis testing. Include the table of your significance test. Last, discuss
the strength and direction of the relationship using measures of association.
Discussion – Discussion
what you learned from the various analyses and draw any conclusions you found.
Talk about any further research you think may be needed on your topic.
Note:
This course has
“Resubmission” status enabled to help you if you realize you submitted an
incorrect or blank file, or if you need to submit multiple documents as part of
your Assignment. Resubmission of an
Assignment after it is graded, to attempt a better grade, is not permitted.
Grading Rubric
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