APU PSYC304 Full Course Latest 2019 January Question # 00597801 Subject: Education Due on: 02/06/2019 Posted On: 02/06/2019 11:17 AM Tutorials: 1 Rating: 4.8/5

PSYC304
Perception

Week 1
Forum

There are two parts to this assignment. The first part is an
introduction and the second part is related to the course.

Part 1. Introduction

This part of the assignment should be a minimum of 150 words
and requires completion for credit for the first forum.

You’ve probably experienced being required to do this in
prior classes. It’s an important element of any class because we enjoy knowing
who we are talking to. Where are you stationed or do you live? What are some of
your interests? What do you enjoy doing when you’re not in this class working
away learning about sensation and perception? What is one thing that you wonder
about perception? Please include three specific goals that you hope to attain
from this course.

(NOTE: Please don’t copy an idea from the course syllabus or
text–this question is about what you bring to the class before ever seeing
those materials).

Part 2. Processes in perception. This part of the forum
should be 150 words.

After watching the two videos below, discuss the role of
higher-level or “cognitive” processes in perception. Then describe a situation
in which you initially thought you saw or heard something, but then realized
that your initial perception was in error. What was the role of bottom-up and
top-down processing in this process of first having an incorrect perception and
then realizing what was actually there?

Support your belief and use specific examples. You may refer to your assigned Week 1
readings or draw on scholarly online resources. The latter must be academic in
nature (e.g. from the APUS online library) and not from pop culture and/or
commercial websites, blogs, opinion sites, etc.

PSYC304
Perception

Week 2
Forum

Upon viewing the video on the Anatomy and Physiology of
Hearing (the link can be found in the syllabus), describe the structure of the
ear, focusing on the role that each component plays in transmitting the
vibrations that enter the outer ear to the auditory receptors in the inner
ear. Then, discuss the basic difference
between determining the location of a sound source and determining the location
of the visual object. Lastly, discuss the differences a person may experience in
hearing when living in the city versus a rural environment. Support your belief
and use specific examples.

PSYC304
Perception

Week 3
Forum

Many people wear glasses to compensate for the fact that the
optical system of their eye does not focus a sharp image on the retinas. Once you have reviewed the videos below,
discuss at least three of the disorders of focusing. Be sure that you are discussing the complete
epigenetic origin which should include a discussion of the genetic/biological
origin and the environment influence related to these disorders of focusing.
Include in your discussion the impact of culture in the development of the
optical system at various stages of the lifespan. Support your belief and use
specific examples.

PSYC304
Perception

Week 4
Forum

First, watch the video below discussing the primary visual
cortex. Then discuss a minimum of two functional properties of visual cortical
cells. Include in your discussion how the human brain uses these properties in
perceiving objects in our everyday activities. In addition, discuss three
things (objects, situations, age etc.) that can impede the normal functioning
of these properties.

Support your answer and use specific examples. You may refer
to your assigned Week 3 readings in the syllabus or draw on scholarly online
resources. The latter must be academic in nature (e.g. from the APUS online
library) and not from pop culture and/or commercial websites, blogs, opinion
sites, etc.

PSYC304
Perception

Week 5
Forum

Color is all around us, but just how deeply integrated is
the phenomenon of color into our senses and neural pathways? Describe
trichromatic theory and opponent-process theory of color vision, including the
observations on which it is based and the physiological basis of each theory.
Lastly, watch the video on synaethesia below, and discuss what it means to say
that color is created by the nervous system. Explain what everyday life would
be like for an individual with the disorder, including its impact on
occupation, relationships, and leisure time. Be sure to include how the
disorder might affect the person’s behaviors and experiences in these settings.

PSYC304
Perception

Week 6
Forum

The idea behind selective adaptation is that when we view a
stimulus with a specific property, neurons tuned to that property fire, and if
viewing continues for long enough, these neurons adapt. Discuss how the
psychophysical procedure of selective adaptation has been used to demonstrate
the link between feature detectors and (a) the perception of orientation, and
(b) the perception of size. Be sure to include a discussion of your
understanding of the rationale behind selective adaptation experiments and how
we can draw conclusions about physiology from the results of such a
psychophysical procedure. Provide two examples for the class that support your
conclusions. For this week’s discussion, it is expected students will use their
readings and outside scholarly web sources to answer this question completely.

PSYC304
Perception

Week 7
Forum

This week we will examine the chemical sense of smell
(olfaction) and taste. This is a two-part
discussion question (part one pertaining to olfaction and part two pertaining
to taste) and both parts must be answered in order to receive full credit.
After viewing the material for this week as outlined in the syllabus, discuss
the components of the olfactory system: the olfactory receptors, the olfactory
sensory neurons, the olfactory bulb and the cortex. Then, discuss what kinds of
evidence support the idea that different people may have different taste
experiences. What mechanisms might be responsible for these differences?
Lastly, explain the role of culture in the development of smell and taste and
provide two examples of how culture could account for variation in perception.

PSYC304
Perception

Week 8
Forum

Learning to recognize; is this merely a human trait? After
watching the videos for this week as listed in the syllabus, discuss what it
means that our perceptional system has been shaped by the properties of the
environment and provide two examples to support your point. In addition, discuss
the strengths and limitations of human facial recognition and list some of the
problems that make facial recognition and/or object recognition difficult for
computers, but not for humans.

PSYC304
Perception

Week 2
Presbycusis Paper

Presbycusis is a condition affecting the hearing of many
adults. There are a variety of causes, including damage to structures of the
middle and inner ear. The result is loss of hearing—not complete deafness, but
difficulty in detecting certain sounds within the normal range of hearing. Use
each numbered item as a required subheading in your paper. Students should
preview the grading rubric before beginning the assignment.

explain how normal hearing occurs. Include in your discussion
the following points:

How is sound transmitted from the environment outside the
body to the inner ear? What structures are involved, and how do they transmit
sound?

What happens in the inner ear (cochlea) when sound waves are
converted to neural signals? How is sound frequency (pitch) processed?

Next, summarize the causes of presbycusis and explain how
they will interfere with the normal processing of sound as outlined above.

Discuss one source of presbycusis involving a problem with
the outer/middle ear.

Discuss one source of presbycusis involving a problem with
the inner ear.

Finally, describe what it might be like to have presbycusis.
Include the following points:

If you have normal hearing now, how would your ability to
converse with others be affected?

What activities that you now enjoy would be limited by this
condition?

How would such a condition affect your work life?

The paper should include:

Be a minimum of 3.5 and a maximum of 4.5 full pages, size 12
font Times New Roman, double spaced with 1 inch margins, NOT including the
Title and References pages.

A title page

Include the sub headings of: “Introduction”, “How Normal
Hearing Occurs”, “Causes of Presbycusis”, “Having Presbycusis”, and
“Conclusions”.

Introductory
paragraph ending in a clear thesis statement

Several well-developed (5-7 sentences) body paragraphs that
explore the assignment questions in detail

A summary and conclusions paragraph

Three references, two of which cannot be from the class
readings.

Be sure to submit your project in one Word document in APA
6th ed. format and attach it below.

PSYC304
Perception

Week 4
Midterm Essay Exam

For your Midterm essay exam, you will complete 10 short
answer essay questions which focus on the course readings. Midterm essay
answers must be attached as Word documents to the appropriate assignment page,
not typed into the assignment student comments boxes. In addition to writing a
300 word answer to each essay question with APA formatted citations and
references (APA title page and reference page are required. Each question
should be answered clearly and numbered) students will answer each question
thoroughly and completely, providing examples where required.

Answer the questions below in your Midterm exam.

Describe the process of perception as a series of steps,
beginning with the environmental stimulus and culminating in the behavioral
responses of perceiving, recognizing, and acting.

Because the long axons of neurons look like electrical
wires, and both neurons and electrical wires conduct electricity, is tempting
to equate the two.Compare and contrast the functioning of axons and electrical
wires in terms of their structure and the nature of the electrical signals they
conduct.

What are the two answers (one “simple” and the other
“profound”) to the question, “Why is our perception of colors and details worse
in the dim illumination than in bright illumination?”

What is color consistency?Describe three factors that help
achieve color consistency.What is lightness consistency?Describe the factors
that are responsible for lightness consistency. Lastly, compare and contrast
color consistency with lightness consistency.

When you walk from outside, which is illuminated by
sunlight, to inside, which is illuminated by “tungsten” illumination, your
perception of colors remains fairly constant.But under some illuminations, such
as street lights called “sodium – vapor” lights that sometimes illuminates
highways or parking lots, colors do seem to change.Why do you think collar
consistency would hold under some illuminations, but not others?

What is sensory adaptation?How does it occur within the
various senses?What function does sensory adaptation serve?Provide a relevant
example which illustrates your point.

What are the characteristics of the energy that we see as
visible light?Provide an example illustrating how these characteristics are
expressed when someone sees a rainbow.What types of things (situations and/or
objects) can interfere with these characteristics?

How does the eye transfer light energy into a neural
message?What is the blind spot in the eye and how does it impact the
transference of light energy?

How is visual information processed in the brain?But what
are some things (situations and/or objects) which can impede visual information
being processed in the brain.Please include a relevant example to illustrate
your answer.

What theories contribute to our understanding of color
vision?Discuss at least two relevant theories within the field of vision.

PSYC304
Perception

Week 7
Final Paper

For Week Seven, you will be using the material covered in
your reading list and the APUS Library, to develop a paper which explores one
of the sensorimotor systems (e.g., vision, touch, taste, smell, or attention.
You will not be allowed to use hearing as a topic as it was examined in the
Week Two paper.) from a biopsychological perspective. Be sure to address, the
physiological (structure and function) as well as the psychological
(cognitive-perceptual) underpinnings of the system. Use each item as a required
subheading in your paper. Students should preview the grading rubric before
beginning the assignment.

The paper should include:

Be a minimum of 4 and a maximum of 5 full pages, size 12
font Times New Roman, double spaced with 1 inch margins, NOT including the
Title and References pages.

A title page

Include the sub headings of: “Physiological Underpinnings”,
“Structure”, “Function” “Psychological Underpinnings”, “Cognitive-Perceptual”.

100-120 word abstract

Introductory paragraph ending in a clear thesis statement

Several well-developed (5-7 sentences) body paragraphs that
explore the topic in detail

A summary and conclusions paragraph

Four references, three of which cannot be from the class
readings.

Be sure to submit your project in one Word document in APA
6th ed. format and attach it below.

PSYC304
Perception

Week 8
Final Essay Exam

Assignment Instructions

For your Final essay exam, you will complete 10 short answer
essay questions which focus on the course readings and videos. Final essay
answers must be attached as Word documents to the appropriate assignment page,
not typed into the assignment student comments boxes. In addition to writing a
300 word answer to each essay question with APA formatted citations and
references (APA title page and reference page are required. Each question
should be answered clearly and numbered) students will answer each question
thoroughly and completely, providing examples where required.

Answer the questions below in your Final exam.

How do we experience taste?Be sure to discuss the composite
of the five basic taste sensations.After you have fully and completely answered
this question from a biological perspective, include a relevant example which
illustrates your answer.

How does our sense of smell work?Discuss the concept that
our sense of smell is directly connected to the brain. After you have fully and
completely answered this question from a biological perspective, include a
relevant example which illustrates your answer.

How do our senses to monitor our body’s position and
movement.Discuss factors which may influence our vestibular senses. After you
have fully and completely answered this question from a biological perspective,
include a relevant example which illustrates your answer.

What did the Gestalt psychologists contribute to our
understanding of how the brain organizes sensation into perceptions? After you
have fully and completely answered this question from a biological perspective,
include a relevant example which illustrates your answer.

How do the principles of figure-ground and moving contribute
to our perception of form?Discuss how the roles of proximity, similarity,
continuity, connectedness, enclosure impact the order and form of stimuli
during the organizational process.

How do we see the world in three dimensions?Be sure to
discuss the research on visual cliffs, binocular cues, retinal disparity, and
monocular cues.

How do perceptual consistencies help us to organize our
sensations into meaningful perceptions?Include a discussion of how perceptual
consistencies help explain several well known visual illusions, such as the
Moon and the Ames Room illusions.

What does research on sensory restriction and restored
vision reveal about the effects of experience on perception? After you have
fully and completely answered this question from a biological perspective,
include a relevant example which illustrates your answer.

How adaptable is our ability to perceive the world around
us?Discuss the biological components involved in vision and the brain’s ability
to adapt body movement. After you have fully and completely answered this
question from a biological perspective, include a relevant example which
illustrates your answer.

Describe the following, which are related physiological
mechanisms that are involved in determining cognitive and experiential aspects
of pain perception: gate-control model; opiates and pain: the physiology of the
placebo effect.