ASHWORTH CO4 FULL COURSE Latest 2018 September Question # 00603472 Subject: Education Due on: 08/06/2019 Posted On: 08/06/2019 12:06 PM Tutorials: 1 Rating: 4.8/5

C04V Introduction
to Psychology

LESSON 1
EXAM

Question 1As Cecilia is getting ready for the orchestra
performance in which she is about to participate, she takes time to tune her
violin. She listens carefully to the pitch of each string, which is indicated
by the __________ of the sound wave it produces, to determine if she needs to
make an adjustment in the instrument.

Question options:

wavelength

frequency

timbre

amplitude

Question 2What is the main reason why many people do not
believe that psychology is a science?

Question options:

Because much of what psychologists study may be personally
experienced.

Because much of what psychologists study are abstract
concepts that have no bearing on the real world.

Because psychology does not use the rigorous research methodologies
of the “hard sciences” like physics and chemistry.

Because the uniqueness and individuality of every human
being makes it truly impossible to generate any scientifically based theories
that apply to larger groups of people.

Question 3__________ refers to the way we select, organize,
and interpret sensory information.

Question options:

Sensation

Gustation

Olfaction

Perception

Question 4What did John Locke mean when he stated that the
human mind is a tabula rasa?

Question options:

Human beings are naturally evil.

Human beings are like sponges that can only hold a specific
amount of information.

Human beings are born with no innate knowledge.

Human beings are nothing more than the sum of our
chromosomes, and we can never exceed the restrictions of genetics.

Question 5It is a commonly known fact that dogs have a much
keener sense of smell than do human beings. What is not commonly known,
however, is why. Because you have studied psychophysics, you know the answer to
this question. What is it?

Question options:

Dogs have a better sense of smell because their sense of
smell compensates for the fact that their sense of taste is so poorly
developed.

Dogs have a better sense of smell because their noses are
proportionally larger than the noses of human beings.

Dogs have a better sense of smell because they have far more
scent receptors than do human beings.

Dogs have a better sense of smell because their olfactory
processing centers are larger than the same part of the brain in human beings.

C04V Introduction
to Psychology

LESSON 2
EXAM

Question 1Dissociation and selective attention are two possible
explanations for the phenomenon of __________.

Question options:

hypnotic analgesia

dissociative personality disorder

posthypnotic suggestion

hypnotic regression

Question 2Sheri has been having difficulty sleeping lately,
and the problem has gotten bad enough that it is interfering with her daily
functioning. At the suggesting of her physician, she goes to a sleep laboratory
to see if something treatable is going on. The sleep specialists want to study
her brain activity while she sleeps, so which of the following instruments is
she most likely to be connected to during the night in the lab?

Question options:

an EMG machine

an EKG machine

an EEG machine

an ESP machine

Question 3What has science suggested is the reason for the
rapid eye movement that occurs in human beings while they are experiencing
vivid dreams?

Question options:

Dreams are visual in nature, and the eyes are responding to
these intrapsychic images. This explains why even blind people experience the
rapid eye movements of REM sleep.

Dreams are mediated by the frontal lobes of the cerebrum,
which are located just behind and above the eyes. This explains why most of the
eye movements are directed upward.

Rapid eye movement is a leftover reflex from an early stage
of human development, when the eyelids were transparent nictitating membranes
that allowed us to continue “seeing” (through our eyelids. while we slept. This
allowed us to unconsciously monitor our surroundings for predators.

The eye movements of REM sleep are the result of an overflow
to the active nervous system.

Question 4Many over-the-counter remedies have names that
resemble the actual chemical or physiological mechanism that they impact. Which
of the following product names would be most likely to affect your ability to
sleep?

Question options:

Superseratone

Dopaminex

Melatonex

Adrenalaccel

Question 5While many Eastern cultures and religions value
meditation as a way of directing consciousness away from worldly
preoccupations, __________ meditation involves a focused awareness of
everything you experience.

Question options:

hyper-alert

omnipresent

mindfulness

sentient

C04V
Introduction to Psychology

LESSON 3
EXAM

Question 1 “The process of memory is like using one of those
‘Storage USA’ businesses,” Professor Fisher tells her class. “You have a place
to keep your stuff, but the three main processes have to work or else you’re
just wasting your money. __________ is like putting stuff into the locker you
rented, storage is keeping it safe there over time, and retrieval is taking it
out later on when you need it.”

Question options:

Integration

Encoding

Intake

Application

Question 2While __________ conditioning focuses on spreading
a reflexive response to a new precipitating stimulus, __________ conditioning
utilizes an organism’s ability to associate actions with future consequences.

Question options:

operant; vicarious

vicarious; latent

latent; classical

classical; operant

Question 3The process of learning associations between two
events based on repeated exposure to those stimuli is called __________.

Question options:

conditioning

instinctive drift

innate learning

associative learning

Question 4Young Rachel is in her second-grade class, when
the teacher announces a new challenge. “Every time you memorize a new poem and
recite it before the entire class, you will get a gold star. As soon as you get
twenty gold stars, you get to pick a prize out of the prize box!” The new star
chart, a beautiful grid on multicolored poster board, is placed at the front of
the class for all to see. Rachel immediately pulls out her reader and looks for
a poem she can memorize. What type of conditioning has Rachel’s teacher used to
help stimulate a memory-enhancing activity?

Question options:

reinforcing conditioning

classical conditioning

vicarious conditioning

operant conditioning

Question 5The approach to studying learning that suggests an
exclusive focus on overt, observable, and measurable responses and the
discarding of references to inner thoughts, feelings, and motivations is called
__________.

Question options:

functionalism

externalism

behaviorism

extrinsic exclusivity

Question 6When you study for an exam, knowing that the
outcome could make or break your semester grade, you are using __________
encoding.

Question options:

imperative

affective

affected

conscious

Question 7The __________ memory is a type of sensory memory
that involves visual stimuli.

Question options:

sensory

iconic

echoic

photographic

Question 8Which of the following is true about the
relationship of the conditioned response (CR. to the unconditioned response
(UR.?

Question options:

The CR will be much stronger than the UR in classical
condition.

The CR appears before the UR in classical conditioning.

The CR and the UR refer to the same action, but they are
elicited by different stimuli.

The UR is something that will eventually extinguish, but the
CR remains permanently.

Question 9 When
two stimuli are associated to produce a reflexive response in an organism, that
animal (or person. has demonstrated __________ conditioning.

Question options:

classical

aversive

operant

associative

Question 10 __________
is the process by which experience results in a relatively permanent change in
future behavior.

Question options:

Cognition

Assimilation

Learning

Adaptation

C04V
Introduction to Psychology

LESSON 4
& 5 EXAM

Question 1The development of the __________ lobes of the
cerebrum allows an adolescent to start developing the ability to reason.

Question options:

temporal

occipital

parietal

frontal

Question 2Which of the following is an example of a primary
sex characteristic?

Question options:

changes in vocal tone

growth of the breasts

growth of facial hair

growth of the genitals

Question 3Why does exercise help to reduce memory loss and
brain decline in older adults? (Select all that apply.)

Question options:

a) Because exercise reduces our need to use medications,
many of which cause damage to brain cells over time.

b) Because exercise stimulates neurons and actually helps
the brain to grow new cells.

c) Because exercise helps increase the flow of oxygen and
nutrients to the brain.

d)Because exercise helps to remove toxins from our system
that are stored in fat cells.

Question 4Daniel is interested in studying how children’s
behavior changes when they grow up in high-risk environments. He enlists 500
children and their parents to take part in his research and observes these
children once a year for twenty years. Despite the fact that this research is
very time consuming and expensive, it gives very good information about how the
children age over time. This type of research is an example of a __________
study.

Question options

sequential

longitudinal

cross-sectional

continuous

Question 5Charmaine is interested in going to graduate
school to gain expertise into the way in which people experience physical,
cognitive, and social changes over the course of their lives. The type of
program that Charmaine should be applying to is __________ psychology.

Question options:

developmental

child

social

ecological

Question 6Kayla was talking to her twelve-month-old
daughter, and was talking in a very high-pitched, exaggerated voice. Experts
refer to this sort of communication as __________.

Question options:

babbling

infant-oriented speech

motherese

cooing

Question 7Which part of the brain experiences the greatest
growth between the ages of three and six years?

Question options:

temporal lobes

parietal lobes

frontal lobes

occipital lobes

Question 8Why is it easier for men to make the psychological
adjustment to the physical changes of andropause than it is for women to adjust
to the physical changes of menopause?

Question options:

Because research suggests that being male makes a person
more psychologically resilient to changes in all areas of life.

Because the loss of estrogen makes women far more emotional
than men, who are simply seeing a reduction in testosterone.

Because it is far easier to hide the symptoms of andropause
than it is to hide the symptoms of menopause.

Because the changes associated with andropause are more
subtle and appear over a longer period of time.

Question 9Though the recent research has its problems, it
has suggested which of the following trends about intelligence changes as we
age?

Question options:

Intelligence is generally very stable, and may even increase
into later adulthood.

Intelligence is a very static phenomenon – there are no
significant changes that occur over the course of the lifespan.

Intelligence is an inverted U-shaped curve – it starts low,
increases through childhood into adulthood, and then shows a significant
decline as we get over the age of seventy years.

Intelligence is a linear phenomenon – it slowly increases as
we age from childhood to adulthood, getting higher the older we get.

Question 10By the time a child reaches the age of around
eighteen months, he or she will start rapidly learning new words and
associating them with their meanings. In fact, children at this age may learn
up to __________ new nouns every day!

Question options:

ten

twenty-five

forty-five

sixty

C04V
Introduction to Psychology

LESSON 6
& 7 EXAM

Question 1There are three primary components to the
experiencing of any emotion. They are __________.

Question options:

conventional, preconventional, and postconventional
components

physiological arousal, expressive behavior, and cognitive
experience

conscious, preconscious, and unconscious components

alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

Question 2Thirteen-year-old Debbie is attempting to jump off
of the high diving board for the very first time. Though she does not have a
pathological fear of heights, the concept of jumping off of a ten-meter board
is very stressful for her. As she walks to the edge of the board, her heart
begins to pound and she gets goose bumps on her skin. These responses refer to
the __________ component of an emotion.

Question options:

expressive behavior

affective relay

cognitive experience

physiological arousal

Question 3Which of the following has been found by research
into having a social support system and physical health?

Question options:

Women who have social support systems are more likely to get
breast cancer screenings.

Men who do not have social support systems are more likely
to suffer from alcoholism.

Adolescent girls with social support systems are paradoxically
more likely to develop an eating disorder.

Adolescents who have social support systems are less likely
to engage in risky behavior, including drugs and unprotected sex.

Question 4Despite the fact that a prefrontal lobotomy can,
in fact, help to reduce the intensity of emotions, it also has the side effect
of __________.

Question options:

causing severe long-term memory loss

interrupting motor skills in the legs and feet

causing the hallucinations and delusions often associated
with schizophrenia

impairing a person’s ability to plan or manage their life

Question 5Which of the following can cause a genetic male to
develop female external genitalia?

Question options:

Klinefelter syndrome

androgen insensitivity syndrome

Wolffian androgynous syndrome

Müllerian atrophication syndrome

Question 6In the culture of India, a __________ refers to an
individual who occupies the “third gender,” and is neither a man nor a woman.

Question options:

kathoey

hijra

winkte

koro

Question 7Jason’s wife, Mitzi, told him, “I think you should
know that I’m pregnant!” After he regained consciousness and got some of the
color back in his face, Jason started thinking about what life would be like as
a father, imagining all of the joys and struggles that would be involved.
Jason’s process of imagining how he would feel about something that might
happen in the future is called affective __________.

Question options:

fantasizing

broadcasting

mulling

forecasting

Question 8 “Turn that frown upside down, mister!” Maybe you
heard this line from a grandparent at some point in your life. Okay, if you are
a girl, maybe it was “missy,” but you get the point! According to the
__________ hypothesis, smiling can, in fact, cause you to become happier!

Question options:

myographic stimulation

facial feedback

positive muscular

masking

Question 9Given recent advances in our understanding of the
complexities of gender, which of the following courses of action are doctors
more willing to consider when dealing with an intersex baby?

Question options:

Doctors are more willing to let parents decide which gender
they want their child to be, and then take the medical steps necessary to make
those changes occur.

Doctors are more willing to use hormones prior to birth to
allow intersex babies to develop normal genitalia on their own.

Doctors are more willing to use plastic surgery to adjust
intersex individuals’ genitalia shortly after birth.

Doctors are more willing to leave intersex individuals’
genitalia intact and unaltered.

Question 10What is the relationship between the terms “mood”
and “emotion?”

Question options:

A mood is part of an emotion, but an emotion is not part of
a mood.

An emotion is a response to a specific stimulus, while a
mood is a more general free-floating feeling that does not relate directly to a
stimulus.

An emotion is part of a mood, but a mood is not a part of an
emotion.

A mood has an affective component, while an emotion has an
expressive and a physiological component.

C04V Introduction
to Psychology

LESSON 8
EXAM

Question 1Which of the following factors mentioned in your
chapter has been found to contribute to an increase in aggressive behaviors?

Question options:

having new responsibilities “dropped” on you at work

sitting in traffic

hot weather

being an only child

Question 2Evelyn is in a particularly bad mood because the
promotion that she’d hoped to receive at the bank where she works did not come
through. When she gets home, and her children come running up to her with
several demands, she yells at them to go in the other room and leave her alone.
Evelyn’s outburst is explained by the __________ hypothesis.

Question options:

frustration-aggression

mere exposure

conflict projection

reciprocal altruism

Question 3Social psychologist Leon Festinger coined the term
cognitive __________ to refer to a disconnect between a person’s internal
attitudes and his or her external behavior.

Question options:

disproportionality

discontinuity

inattentiveness

dissonance

Question 4Research into the mere exposure phenomenon finds
that simple exposure between two groups of people is not enough to reduce
prejudice, but rather __________.

Question options:

groups exposed to each other will be able to reduce
prejudice as long as the reasons for their feelings are not actively discussed,
thus preventing arguments that can lead to violence

groups will only reduce prejudice if they interact in a
setting where negativity and prejudice are overtly and covertly discouraged, like
in a church or temple

groups being exposed to those about whom they hold prejudice
only serves to increase those tensions

groups working together in a cooperative manner helps reduce
prejudice

Question 5Which of the following factors is not related to
an increased tendency to cooperate with others?

Question options:

having no concern about damage to your own reputation

experiencing norms of fairness

feeling a high level of personal accountability

experiencing a shared identity with a group

C04V Introduction
to Psychology

Assignment
4

C04J Introduction to Psychology

Directions: Be sure to save an electronic copy of your
answer before submitting it to Ashworth College for grading. Unless otherwise stated,
answer in complete sentences, and be sure to use correct English, spelling and
grammar. Sources must be cited in APA format. Your response should be four (4)
double-spaced pages; refer to the “Assignment Format” page located on
the Course Home page for specific format requirements.

Part A

For Part A of this assignment, you will apply the principles
of operant conditioning to modify an existing behavior. Target a behavior to be
modified, either an undesirable behavior that you would like to eliminate or a
desirable behavior that you would like to strengthen.

1. Generate
a plausible explanation for why the problem exists.

2. Describe
one (1) reason why you want to change the behavior and one (1) benefit the
change will bring.

3. Carefully
design a program for modifying the behavior, making sure to include all
relevant conditioning principles incorporated within your plan (which might
include the use of positive and negative reinforcers, punishment, shaping,
schedules of reinforcement, modeling, extinction, stimulus discrimination or
generalization, primary and secondary reinforcers, and so on.) Your plan should
include three (3) steps.

Part B

Design a series of test items that would indicate the
different intelligences according to Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple
intelligences. Provide one (1) original example of how you would test each of
the eight (8) different intelligences.

C04V Introduction
to Psychology

Assignment
8

C04I Introduction to Psychology

Directions: Be sure
to save an electronic copy of your answer before submitting it to Ashworth
College for grading. Unless otherwise stated, answer in complete sentences, and
be sure to use correct English, spelling and grammar. Sources must be cited in
APA format. Your response should be four (4) double-spaced pages; refer to the
“Assignment Format” page located on the Course Home page for specific
format requirements.

Part A

For Part A of this assignment, choose a movie, book, or
television show that depicts a character or character(s) suffering from mental
illness. Write a paper analyzing a character’s illness in terms of one or more
of the theoretical perspectives (e.g., biological, psychoanalytic,
cognitive-behavioral, biopsychosocial) presented in the text.

1. Describe
the character’s diagnosis in terms of the DSM-IV. Make sure to include two (2)
criteria that the character meets.

2. Describe
one (1) perspective(s) of mental illness that best explains the development of
the character’s symptoms, along with two (2) facts to support your position.

3. Describe
any treatment received by the character. Describe two (2) reasons that you
would recommend similar or different treatment. If the character did not
receive treatment, describe the type of treatment you would recommend with two
(2) supporting facts.

Suggested movies include:

• Beautiful
Mind (2001).

• Girl,
Interrupted (1999).

• Fatal
Attraction (1987).

• Sybil
(1977).

• One Flew
Over the Cuckoo’s Nest (1975).

• Play
Misty for Me (1971).

Suggested television shows include:

• Wilfred.

• Perception.

• Alphas.

Part B

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For Part B of this assignment, go online to the following
Web page: http://www.prisonexp.org/ Take a tour through the slide show, which
shows actual footage of the Stanford Prison study.

After viewing the slideshow, respond to the following
questions. Your response should be one (1) page in length.

1. Describe
one (1) factor that prevented “good guards” from objecting or
countermanding the orders from tough or bad guards.

2. Describe
one (1) reason why prisoners try to work within the arbitrary prison system to
effect a change in it (e.g., setting up a Grievance Committee), rather than
trying to dismantle or change the system through outside help.

3. Describe
two (2) factors would lead prisoners to attribute guard brutality to the
guards’ disposition or character, rather than to the situation.

4. Was it
ethical to conduct this study? Provide two (2) reasons to support your
position.