GNRS5355 SEC 01 Pathophysiology

Course  SON Fall 2018: GNRS 5355 SEC 01 – Pathophysiology (CORE)

Question 2          What is the underlying physiologic mechanism for deep, rapid breathing (Kussmaul respirations) in metabolic acidosis? It indicates:

Question 3          Which of the following buffers works the fastest (in minutes to hours) to restore acid-base balance?

Question 4          Which of the following statements about genetic mutations is correct?

Question 5          Which of following is/are true regarding epigenetics?

study of how your behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way your genes work                

Question 6          Multifactorial disorders are determined by:

Question 7          What prevents water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma membrane?

Question 8          Which of the following components of the cell membrane serve as receptors and transport channels?

Question 9          Diseases described as having multifactorial traits include all of the following EXCEPT:

cystic fibrosis                                    

Question 10        A couple has two offspring; one child has an autosomal recessive disease and one is normal. What conclusions can you make about the parents?

Question 11        How does the body reestablish equilibrium when solute is added to extracellular fluid making it hypertonic?

Question 12        The process by which genetic information is transferred from DNA to RNA for protein synthesis is called:

Question 13        The process by which protein assembly occurs from the interaction of messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA) is:

Question 14        Retention of sodium and water is a cause of edema. Which of the following pressure increase would promote the formation of edema?

Question 15        All of the following are triggers that release renin in the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system EXCEPT:

Question 16        Which mode of chemical signaling uses blood to transport communication to cells some distance away?

Question 17        Mr. and Mrs. X have a child with cystic fibrosis. Prior to this pregnancy they were screened to ensure that they were not carriers of any genetic disease. What is the most likely explanation for the failure of carrier testing to predict this child’s problem?

Question 18        Why does fluid move from the intravascular space into the interstitial space at the arterial end of capillaries? Because:

Question 19        Which mode of chemical signaling uses neurons to directly communicate with the target cells?

Question 20        The triplet of base pairs necessary to code for a specific amino acid is called a:

Question 21        Which is a description of the characteristics of apoptosis?

Question 22        The number of persons living with a specific disease at a specific point in time is referred to by which term?

Question 23        Which term refers to the process of gene silencing depending on which parent transmits them?

Question 24        A person has an autosomal dominant disease. Both his mother and his wife are unaffected. What is the probability that his first child will have the disease?

Question 25        Which organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?

Question 26        Which cell component is most vulnerable to radiation?

Question 27        The outward manifestation of a disease, often influenced by both genes and the environment is called the disease:

Question 28        Which of the following is an accurate characterization of an X-linked recessive pedigree?

Question 29        The signs and symptoms of some genetic conditions tend to become more severe and appear at an earlier age as the disorder is passed from one generation to the next.

Question 30        Many people with a mutation in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene will develop cancer during their lifetime, but others will not.

Question 31        The movement of fluid back into the capillary from the interstitial space is the result of:

Question 32        Testing for phenylketonuria (PKU) is an example of which type of genetic testing?

Question 33        How does epigenetics affect twins who adopt very different lifestyles?

Question 34        How do cells receive communication from the extracellular fluid surrounding them (signal transduction)?

Question 35        What are the major components of the cell membranes?

Question 36        Neurotransmitters affect the postsynaptic membrane by binding to:

Question 37        What causes the clinical manifestations of confusion, convulsions, cerebral hemorrhage, and coma in hypernatremia? The high sodium causes

Question 38        Which type of cell adaptation occurs when normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the bronchial lining have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells?

Question 39        Which of the following correctly describes the process of active transport?

Question 40        Cells from a muscle tumor appear highly disorganized and lack the normal structure and function of muscle cells. This is an example of:

Question 41        During ischemia, what effect does the loss of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level have on cells?

Question 42        Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which diseases?

Question 43        What is the most common site of lipid (fatty) accumulation?

               

Question 44        Water movement between the intracellular fluid compartment and the extracellular compartment is primarily a function of:

Question 45        What type of necrosis results from ischemia of neurons and glial cells?

Question 46        What is a major determinant of the resting membrane potential necessary for transmission of nerve impulses? The ratio between:

Question 47        Which enzyme is secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney when circulating blood volume is reduced?

Question 48        What type of necrosis is often associated with pulmonary tuberculosis?

Question 49        The process of active mediated transport requires:

Question 50        The process of turning genes on and off is known as gene:

Question 51        What changes occur in the myocardial cells when the heart’s workload increases over a long period of time?